镨掺杂分布对1.3μm光纤放大器特性影响

对掺氟化镨玻璃光纤放大器的小信号增益，用广义的高斯近似公式可获得精确的分析表达。文中研究了限制光纤芯层中央部分的镨掺杂对光纤放大器特性的影响，结果发现限制镨掺杂分布能改进光纤放大器的工作效率，且截止波长比芯层全部均匀掺镨的光纤更长。     

Post-Translational Modifications of Retroviral HIV-1 Gag Precursors: An Overview of Their Biological Role

Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) play key roles in eukaryotes since they finely regulate numerous mechanisms used to diversify the protein functions and to modulate their signaling networks. Besides, these chemical modifications also take part in the viral hijacking of the host, and also contribute to the cellular response to viral infections. All domains of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag precursor of 55-kDa (Pr55^Gag), which is the central actor for viral RNA specific recruitment and genome packaging, are post-translationally modified. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about HIV-1 Pr55^Gag PTMs such as myristoylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, methylation, and ISGylation in order to figure out how these modifications affect the precursor functions and viral replication. Indeed, in HIV-1, PTMs regulate the precursor trafficking between cell compartments and its anchoring at the plasma membrane, where viral assembly occurs. Interestingly, PTMs also allow Pr55^Gag to hijack the cell machinery to achieve viral budding as they drive recognition between viral proteins or cellular components such as the ESCRT machinery. Finally, we will describe and compare PTMs of several other retroviral Gag proteins to give a global overview of their role in the retroviral life cycle.     

Ionic liquids as electrolytes

Salts having a low melting point are liquid at room temperature, or even below, and form a new class of liquids usually called room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL). Information about RTILs can be found in the literature with such key words as: room temperature molten salt, low-temperature molten salt, ambient-temperature molten salt, liquid organic salt or simply ionic liquid. Their physicochemical properties are the same as high temperature ionic liquids, but the practical aspects of their maintenance or handling are different enough to merit a distinction. The class of ionic liquids, based on tetraalkylammonium cation and chloroaluminate anion, has been extensively studied since late 1970s of the XX century, following the works of Osteryoung. Systematic research on the application of chloroaluminate ionic liquids as solvents was performed in 1980s. However, ionic liquids based on aluminium halides are moisture sensitive. During the last decade an increasing number of new ionic liquids have been prepared and used as solvents. The general aim of this paper was to review the physical and chemical properties of RTILs from the point of view of their possible application as electrolytes in electrochemical processes and devices. The following points are discussed: melting and freezing, conductivity, viscosity, temperature dependence of conductivity, transport and transference numbers, electrochemical stability, possible application in aluminium electroplating, lithium batteries and in electrochemical capacitors.     

Preparation and characterization of a PMMA/Ce(OH)3, Pr2O3/graphite nanosheet composite

An easy process for the synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate)/Ce(OH)₃, Pr₂O₃/graphite nanosheet (PMMA/Ce(OH)₃, Pr₂O₃/NanoG) composite was developed. Graphite nanosheets (NanoG) were prepared by treating the expanded graphite with sonication in aqueous alcohol solution. The PMMA/Ce(OH)₃, Pr₂O₃/NanoG composites were prepared via in situ polymerization of MMA monomer in the presence of graphite nanosheets and Ce(OH)₃, Pr₂O₃ through reverse micelle template, in which the methyl methacrylate was designated as the oily phase. The composites were then dispersed with chloroform and coated on glass slides to form films. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the structure and dispersion of the graphite nanosheets and the composites. The results showed that the high-aspect-ratio structure of the nanosheets played an important role in forming a conducting network in the PMMA matrix. From thermogravimetric analysis, the introduction of graphite nanosheets and inorganic nanopartices exhibited a beneficial effect on the thermal stability of PMMA.     

Bi_4Ge_3O_(12):TR(TR=Pr,Eu,Ce)晶体的吸收和发光光谱

测量了Bi_4Ge_3O_(12)(BGO):Pr、Eu和Ce的吸收、激发和发光光谱。掺杂BGO吸收和激发带相应于pr~(3+)、Eu~(3+)和Ce~(3+)离子特征跃迁。Xe灯中不同波长激发所得到掺杂BGO的发光光谱可通过Bi~(3+)心和掺杂材料之间能量传输过程加以解释。Bi~(3+)心400—600mm发射强度因受到Ce杂质影响变弱,这现象在高Ce浓度晶体里更为显著。     

放电等离子烧结Fe3B／（Pr,Tb）2Fe14B块体纳米晶双相复合永磁体的性能

采用放电等离子烧结技术将非晶Pr4.2Tb0.3Fe78B17.5薄带制备成块状纳米晶复合磁体。研究了烧结条件对磁体密度、微观结构和磁性能的影响。结果表明，烧结温度的升高可使磁体得到高致密度，但同时由于其晶粒长大，结果导致磁性能的恶化。在最佳烧结条件下得到磁体的磁性能为Br=1．02T，JHc=220kA／m。磁体具有较好的微观结构，平均晶粒尺寸为20nm。     

Effects of Zr on crystallization kinetics of Pr—Fe—B amorphous alloys

The effects of Zr on crystallization kinetics of Pr-Fe-B amorphous alloys have been investigated by DTA and XRD methods.It was found that for Pr8Fe86-xZrxB6(x=0,1,2)amorphous alloys,the final crystallized mixture is α-Fe and Pr2Fe14B,and the metastable Pr2Fe23B3 phase occurs during crystallization of Pr8Fe86B6 amorphous alloy,not during crystallization of Pr8Fe86-xZrxB6(x=1,2)amorphous alloys,By analyzing the activation energy of crystallization,the formation of an α-Fe/Pr2Fe14B composite microstructure with a coarse grain size in annealed Pr8Fe86B6 alloy,is attributed to a difficult nucleation and an easy growth for both the α-Fe and Pr2Fe14B in the alloy.The addition of Zr can be used to change the crystallization behavior of the α-Fe phase in Pr-Fe-B amorphous alloy,which is helpful to reduce the grain size for the α-Fe phase.     

Dynamic fatigue behaviour of a steatite ceramic

Dynamic fatigue of a low dielectric loss steatite was investigated. To this end, the values of n and B, the so‐called subcritical crack growth (SCG) parameters were experimentally determined. The steatite exhibited the expected dynamic fatigue behaviour, so that the stress corrosion susceptibility parameter, n, of 24 was obtained. In addition, the material/environment parameter B, which is a constant for a given test environment, was also attained. These parameters are instrumental in predicting the lifetime of components under stress. When the applied load is such that the resulting strength equals half of the inert strength (σ_i), defined as the strength of a sample tested in an inert environment or at a fast stress rate, i.e. where no subcritical crack growth occurs, the time to failure (t_f) of the material was found to be ～140 h. Measurement of the fracture toughness of steatite is also of upmost importance and so it was determined using three test methods. A value of K_Ic = 1.91 ± 0.29 MPa m^1/2 was attained by the indentation fracture method through measurement of the cracks emanating from the Vickers indentation. This value is in good agreement with those determined using the K_Isc (surface crack in flexure) test method (2.21 ± 0.07 MPa m^1/2) and fractography analysis test method (2.00 ± 0.44 MPa m^1/2). Differences in test procedure and analysis causing the values from each test method to be different are discussed.     

Enhanced assessment of ageing phenomena in steel structures based on materials data and non‐destructive testing

The increasing amount of ageing civil steel infrastructure requests an enhanced assessment of this infrastructure in terms of determining its residual fatigue life in a more realistic way than this has been done in the past. Often the relevant materials data for cyclic loading of such an ageing infrastructure is not available and its retrieval turns out to be relatively cumbersome bearing the urgency in data availability and continuous cost pressure in mind. This article addresses different approaches and techniques on how materials data for cyclic loading can be obtained at a fraction of the effort compared to state‐of‐the‐art techniques, considering load increase tests, non‐destructive testing techniques and finally even a stepped bar specimen allowing a complete set of materials data (stress‐strain behaviour and stress‐ and strain‐life curve) to be obtained with a single specimen in the end only. Options for ’digitizing’ materials data evaluation are discussed and some prospect on application of those novel approaches and techniques in damage accumulation assessments on real steel infrastructure is provided.