环境友好阻燃环氧树脂覆铜板研究进展

论述了环境友好阻燃环氧树脂覆铜板研究开发的意义。提出通过开发并使用含氮、磷或硅的非卤阻燃型环氧树脂,含磷、氮或磷-氮的功能性阻燃固化剂和在体系中添加有机磷阻燃剂、氢氧化铝等无机阻燃剂等途径来开发环境友好阻燃环氧树脂覆铜板。并对我国在今后该领域的研究作了展望。     

温和条件下碳氢单键直接官能团化的新方法

介绍了近年来国内外在温和条件下碳氢单键直接官能团化反应的最新进展。官能团化反应的特点是，在常温常压和紫外光促进下，用过渡金属配合物催化碳氢单链活化，使烷烃、芳烃等烃类的碳氢单键直接官能团化，从而达到直接利用各种烷烃及芳烃作为化工原料合成有机化工产品的目的。通过紫外光催化可以使反应在常温常压下进行，能克服传统工艺能耗高、选择性差的缺陷。经不断深入研究，该反应可望在２１世纪成为环境友好的有机合成工艺。     

TFRC friendliness and the case of ECN

The TFRC protocol has been proposed as a TCP‐friendly protocol to transport streaming media over the Internet. However, its deployment is still questionable because it has not been compared to other important protocols, analysed in the presence of important mechanisms, such as the explicit congestion notification (ECN), and studied under more realistic network conditions. In this paper, we address these three aspects, including other congestion control protocols not considered before in the same investigation, such as TCP Tahoe, Reno, Newreno, Vegas, Sack, GAIMD, and the Binomial algorithms, the effect of using ECN in the friendliness of the protocols, and the fairness of the protocols under static and dynamic network conditions. We found that TFRC can be safely deployed in the Internet if competing with TCP Tahoe, New Reno and SACK since fairness is achieved under all scenarios considered. We also found that ECN actually helps in achieving better fairness. However, fairness problems arise when TFRC competes with TCP Reno, GAIMD, SQRT or IIAD in static or dynamic conditions, or both. We used normalized throughput, fairness index, and convergence time as the main performance metrics for comparison. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

受约束且TCP友好的拥塞控制研究

提出了一种使用RTP／RTCP来收集信息的TCP友好的流控算法。当前的多媒体源对发送速率能够调整的粒度和上下限都有要求。本文提出的算法不仅满足了流控算法的TCP友好（TCP－friendly）的特性，还考虑了多媒体源的这些限制。提出的流控算法能够调整的步长是阶梯的。最后还对TCP友好的流控算法和它的约束算法进行了仿真，并分析了结果。     

美国对邮票用压敏胶的开发

介绍了美国对邮票用压教胶的开发情况及其在废纸回用过程中的良好表现，     

Exergy losses in refrigerating systems. A study for performance comparisons in compressor and condenser

A study is carried out to describe irreversibilities in one stage refrigerating process for vapour compression cycle with refrigerant mixtures R-404A, R-410A, R-410B and R-507 as working fluids. They are calculated as exergy losses by an algorithm developed on the basis of thermodynamics. The proposed relationships have been derived from exergy balances on the system components. Emphasis is placed on parameters influencing the losses and the related results are presented through Grassmann diagrams (diagrams of exergy fluxes). Furthermore, detailed information on the variation of cycle's exergy efficiency with evaporating and condensing temperatures is given. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Lifetime and ageing management of nuclear power plants: A brief overview of some light water reactor component ageing degradation problems and ways of mitigation

The susceptibility and tendency for nuclear power plant (NPP) components to undergo changes in their mechanical and physical properties in the course of the NPP lifetime is generally termed as “ageing”. The light water reactor (LWR) nuclear environment is not a begnign one; it is characterized not only by fast neutrons, which can degrade metallic structures, but also relatively high temperatures of coolant water (around 300°C) which may contain impurities (e.g. sulphate, chloride, peroxides) which can cause corrosion. The hydrodynamical conditions of the coolant in steam generators, for example, can cause thermal fatigue, erosion and corrosion; suspended particulate matter can accelerate erosion processes which can lead to wall thinning and lowering of safety margins. Ageing is, therefore, a very complex mixture of factors concerned with materials, temperatures, times of exposure to environments which vary with time and with respect to chemical composition and flow charactertistics.

The paper describes a few ageing phenomena which can be considered important due to their impact on nuclear safety issues; their influence on economic aspects (availability) of NPP is outlined. Mitigation measures for NPP component ageing problems are given together with recommendations for addressing such issues in NPP now and in the future.     

环保型木器涂料

介绍水性和紫外光固化两类环保型木器涂料及其研究进展。水性木器涂料主要为丙烯酸酯与聚氨酯两大类，其研究进展集中表现为乳液改性，包括自交联、共混共聚、微乳液等；紫外光固化木器涂料包括其光固化树脂、活性稀释剂和光引发剂的功能及进展；指出研究新型乳液以提高水性木器涂料涂膜的表面性能，开发新型原材料以降低紫外光固化木器涂料的成本、扩大适应范围将成为今后环保型木器涂料的研究重点。     

蓖麻油酸二乙醇胺硼酸酯合成工艺及摩擦性能

为开发环境友好型润滑油添加剂，以蓖麻油酸、二乙醇胺为原料，采用两步合成法制备蓖麻油酸二乙醇酰胺（RA），然后与硼酸合成蓖麻油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯（RAB）。利用FTIR对RA及RAB的结构进行表征，并以菜籽油为基础油，考察RAB的摩擦学性能。通过单因素实验得到合成RA的最佳条件为：酰化反应中蓖麻油酸和二乙醇胺物质的量比为1.0：0.8，150 ℃下反应6 h；胺解反应中蓖麻油酸和二乙醇胺物质的量比为1.0：0.4，催化剂氢氧化钠用量为蓖麻油酸和二乙醇胺总质量的1%，95 ℃下反应3 h，RA产率达88.10%；RAB的最佳合成条件为：RA与硼酸物质的量比为1.8：1.0，催化剂对甲苯磺酸用量为RA和硼酸总质量的1.5%，140 ℃下反应100 min，RAB产率达92.78%。添加RAB的菜籽油在摩擦表面形成含B、N的复合润滑保护膜，当RAB添加量为菜籽油总质量的2%时，油样最大无卡咬负荷（PB）相比菜籽油提高了61%；当RAB添加量为1%时，油样表现出良好的摩擦保护性能。     

新型环氧防腐涂料的研究

采用在环氧树脂中加入纳米复合铁钛粉防锈颜料WD—D-325、固化剂、制备了新型环氧树脂防腐涂料。由于纳米技术的特性，该防腐涂料具有较高的防腐性、优异的附着力和柔韧性。实验确定了复合铁钛粉防锈颜料在环氧防腐涂料中的添加量。作为新型的环保颜料，复合铁钛粉防锈颜料可以替代红丹、锌铬黄等颜料。