Effect of Forming Pressure on the Internal Structure of Alumina Green Bodies Examined with Immersion Liquid Technique

Green bodies prepared by compaction of alumina granules were made transparent by an immersion liquid technique, and the internal structure was characterized with an optical microscope to study the effect of forming pressure on the internal structure. Clear images obtained by the technique provide more detailed information than other existing methods for structures ranging from one to tens of micrometers. Intergranular pores were present between unfractured granules. Their sizes and concentration tended to decrease with increasing forming pressure. However, pores were clearly present even in the green body prepared at 600 MPa. A rod- and needlelike feature was also found and was concluded to correspond to a high-density region. The significance of large pores and high-density regions on processing as well as the details of the technique is discussed.     

Effect of fermentation on ionizable iron in cereal-pulse combinations

The average diet in most developing countries is predominantly cereal based. Wheat, rice and millets are major staple foods. Although these diets are sufficient in iron, their low bioavailability is one of the most significant factors for iron deficiency anaemia. Traditional techniques like fermentation show promise in improving iron bioavailability. In vitro ionizable iron was estimated in 31 different combinations of rice, wheat, sorghum, black gram, bengal gram, green gram and coriander in five replicates with or without, fermentation in steamed products. Results indicate that in general cereal pulse combination and fermentation significantly ( P <0.05) increase the per cent ape of ionizable iron. Combination effects dominated in rice whilst fermentation dominated in sorghum. There was a significant reduction ( P <0.05) in phytate phosphorus on fermentation but no loss of tannin.     

铸造湿型小件缺陷产生的原因与控制

通过对铸造湿型小件产品缺陷典型实例的原因分析，从型砂的选择及配制、造型工艺、浇注工艺等方面提出控制缺陷产生的工艺方法。     

Detection and modification of confusing color combinations for red‐green dichromats to achieve a color universal design

Color‐vision deficiency is a relatively common genetic condition, which often leads to the obstruction of necessary information in colored images. It is important to minimize such inconvenient effects in communication using colored images from a universal design perspective. The universal design principle stipulates that all environments and products should be usable by all people, regardless of age, physical attributes, and ability. This article proposes a method to detect color combinations in a given image that would confuse color dichromats, and suggests a way in which to modify them to make the image easily distinguishable for both normal and dichromatic observers. Confusing color combinations were detected based on a color‐difference calculation using simulations of how the color would appear to dichromats. The confusing colors were then modified based on the minimization of an evaluation function, which was defined as the sum of the degree of confusion and the degree of color change from the original image. Several colored images obtained by the proposed method were compared with the originals by red–green dichromatic observers who judged them to be clearer, thereby confirming that the proposed method was effective for color rendering for universal design. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 203–211, 2008     

Studies on the treatment of brilliant green solution by combination microwave induced oxidation with CoFe2O4

In this work the synergistic effects of microwave (MW) irradiation induced oxidation processes and CoFe₂O₄ were studied for the degradation of brilliant green (BG) from aqueous solutions. Under the optimum condition, the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:167 (0.3 g CoFe₂O₄ mixed with 50 mL of 20 mg L⁻¹ BG solution), MW power 600 W, and the time of the irradiation 2 min. And the decolorization rate could reach up to 100%. Further investigation showed that BG was degraded by MW-induced oxidation combined with CoFe₂O₄ surface adsorption. The CoFe₂O₄ could increase the efficiencies of MW degradation and be used repeatedly. The experimental results indicated that the method of MW degradation BG in the presence of CoFe₂O₄ could reduce reaction time and increase product yield.     

建筑供排水用聚丙烯管道(PP-R)特性简析

PP -R管道具有质轻、连接方便、良好耐热性和较小导热系数、耐腐蚀且管道阻力小等优点 ,属绿色产品 ,本文对施工过程中就PP -R管与混凝土的粘结不密、抗紫外性能差等问题提出了相应的处理措施     

莫达非尼的绿色化学合成

采用[bm im]BF4离子液体作为反应溶剂,以二苯甲硫醇为原料,经醚化、氨解、氧化得到新型提神醒脑药物莫达非尼。讨论了不同的氯乙酸酯和反应温度对醚化反应收率的影响,讨论了不同的二苯甲硫乙酸酯对氨解反应收率的影响,及离子液体的回收使用。研究表明,采用氯乙酸甲酯作为醚化试剂,反应时间4 h,反应温度100℃,二苯甲硫醇∶氯乙酸甲酯=1∶1.5(摩尔比),室温下氨解反应20 h,二苯甲硫乙酰胺收率76%;采用过氧化氢作为氧化试剂,反应时间3 h,反应温度60℃,过氧化氢∶二苯甲硫乙酰胺=1∶1(摩尔比),莫达非尼收率79%,反应总收率可达48%。     

施工项目管理与贯标工作相融合的探索与实践

由于建筑工程施工的单件性、复杂性，在工程项目实施过程中贯标工作与工程项目管理工作通常不太融合，有时甚至形成“两层皮”现象。因此，针对这一现象，在承建410t／h锅炉工程中，借贯彻2000版ISO9001标准的有力时机，进行了工程项目管理与贯标工作融合性的探索与实践，取得了较好的效果。     

Distinguishing the adoption of business intelligence systems from their implementation: the role of managers’ personality profiles

For decades, the marketing guidelines of enterprise software providers have focused on those managers who are likely to be more innovative in adopting new information systems. The current study argues that this approach demands improvements for two reasons: (1) this tactic may be biased, since past studies have only examined the single trait of innovativeness and its impact on an individual adoption intention and (2) the organisational implementation intention might be more important than the individual adoption intention, but the former has been largely ignored in the existing literature. Based on the case of business intelligence (BI) systems and data from 62 senior managers, this study is a pioneer in that it empirically reveals that managers’ individual adoption intention is distinct from their organisational implementation intention. Further, while managers’ innovativeness may be a significant determinant of their individual adoption intention towards BI systems, the issue of whether managers actually implement BI systems in their organisations is dominated by their involvement characteristics. Fruitful suggestions are proposed for practitioners and scholars.     

Critical evaluation of coupling particle size distribution with the shrinking core model

The shrinking core model (SCM) is widely used to model fluid-solid reactions such as the leaching of metals from minerals. In most cases, however, the particle size distribution (PSD) of the solid material was disregarded. In this paper the erroneous shift in the control regime when neglecting PSD was quantified and the dependence of the shift on the coefficients of variation (CV) and the type of PSD was analysed. By coupling the SCM with a Gamma PSD, it was found that neglecting the PSD would shift the control regime from chemical reaction to inert/ash layer diffusion, when the CV was between 0.7 and 1.2. For a system controlled by liquid film diffusion, neglect of the PSD, would shift the control regime to chemical reaction when CV is between 0.3 and 0.7 or to inert/ash layer diffusion when CV is greater (0.9-1.5). It was therefore postulated that some researchers had unknowingly made invalid conclusions about the control regime due to the neglect of PSD. However, an inert/ash layer diffusion-controlled process was insensitive to the neglect of PSD. When CV<0.3, neglect of the PSD would not cause any erroneous shifts, irrespective of the control regime. Experimental data confirmed the observation. For a given CV, the deviation in the fraction reacted from the mono-PSD increases with CV and decreases with time. The maximum deviation, which occurs at the beginning, is about 10% with a gamma PSD of CV=0.3. The percent deviation is dependent of the type of PSDs. Gamma PSD gives the lowest deviation while Gaudin-Schuhmann results in the largest deviation (maxi. ∼19%, with CV=0.3) in the first half of dissolution process. Log-normal distribution gives a larger deviation than gamma but quickly approaches the latter with time. The deviation for Rosin-Rammler is between log-normal and Gaudin-Schuhmann. For systems with CV less than 0.3, the SCM can be fairly used without considering PSD. When CV is greater than 0.3, particularly in the early stage of a dissolution process with a PSD other than gamma, PSD should be included to avoid substantial errors.