电子病历在移动医疗中的研究与发展

随着移动医疗在医院的广泛应用,医生迫切需要能够在病人床边通过iPad等智能平板设备查看、检索病人的电子病历信息,以提高诊疗效率并使查房过程更为准确、安全。但是由于现有的电子病历系统客户端多是基于Windows平台,如何支持在智能平板设备上访问电子病历系统成为移动医疗领域亟待解决的问题。本文系统地介绍这一崭新领域的基本概念,详细阐述需要解决的几个关键问题,比较几种主流解决方案的异同,最后对未来研究方向和工作进行展望。     

iPad客户满意度研究

通过对用户对ipad认知、体验等各个方面的研究,了解客户满意度,从品牌影响力、购买倾向、购买渠道、用户体验和受访者特征5个维度进行分析,从而改善用户满意度及销售计划。     

Factors influencing behavioural intention to patronise restaurants using iPad as a menu card

Recently, several restaurants have launched mobile technology-based self-services by replacing their printed menus with iPads. To assess the perceived value of the iPad menu from the customers’ perspective, this study proposed and tested a new research model which includes both functional and emotional aspects of customers’ attitudes. The aim was based on the supposition that an overall value judgement in regard to using the iPad menu to promote dining experience will influence customers’ behavioural intention to patronise restaurants that use the new technology; 332 usable data gathered from cyberspace were tested against the research model. The results demonstrated the importance of perceived value. All functional factors (i.e. perceived control, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) and emotional factors (i.e. perceived enjoyment and perceived novelty) were significantly affecting perceived value. For managers interested in investing in these mobile self-service technologies, the findings provided them with sound advice based on empirical research.     

User Satisfaction with Tablet PC Features

Previous studies of tablet personal computers have concentrated on their use in education and healthcare. The current study focused instead on personal usage, investigating how satisfied users are with their own tablets after having used them in their daily lives. The objective was to identify the major features for tablets and to investigate how form factors affect the preference of functions by performing a comparison of iPad1 and Galaxy Tab. Also, gender and ethnicity were analyzed to determine whether they influence satisfaction with the devices. For e‐mail and web browsing functions, users’ ratings showed more satisfaction with the iPad1 since it has a larger display; for the e‐book reader function, users indicated higher satisfaction with the Galaxy Tab. Male users evaluated their devices by the function itself, whereas female users were mainly concerned with aesthetic aspects. Koreans indicated that they were less satisfied with their tablets than were other ethnic groups.     

Reading from computer screen versus reading from paper: does it still make a difference?

Four experiments were conducted to test whether recent developments in display technology would suffice to eliminate the well-known disadvantages in reading from screen as compared with paper. Proofreading speed and performance were equal for a TFT-LCD and a paper display, but there were more symptoms of eyestrain in the screen condition accompanied by a strong preference for paper (Experiment 1). These results were replicated using a longer reading duration (Experiment 2). Additional experiments were conducted to test hypotheses about the reasons for the higher amount of eyestrain associated with reading from screen. Reduced screen luminance did not change the pattern of results (Experiment 3), but positioning both displays in equal inclination angles eliminated the differences in eyestrain symptoms and increased proofreading speed in the screen condition (Experiment 4). A paper-like positioning of TFT-LCDs seems to enable unimpaired reading without evidence of increased physical strain.

Practitioner Summary: Given the developments in screen technology, a re-assessment of the differences in proofreading speed and performance, well-being, and preference between computer screen and paper was conducted. State-of-the-art TFT-LCDs enable unimpaired reading, but a book-like positioning of screens seems necessary to minimise eyestrain symptoms.     

Tablet use in schools: a critical review of the evidence for learning outcomes

The increased popularity of tablets in general has led to uptake in education. We critically review the literature reporting use of tablets by primary and secondary school children across the curriculum, with a particular emphasis on learning outcomes. The systematic review methodology was used, and our literature search resulted in 33 relevant studies meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 23 met the minimum quality criteria and were examined in detail (16 reporting positive learning outcomes, 5 no difference and 2 negative learning outcomes). Explanations underlying these observations were analysed, and factors contributing to successful uses of tablets are discussed. While we hypothesize how tablets can viably support children in completing a variety of learning tasks (across a range of contexts and academic subjects), the fragmented nature of the current knowledge base, and the scarcity of rigorous studies, makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions. The generalizability of evidence is limited, and detailed explanations as to how, or why, using tablets within certain activities can improve learning remain elusive. We recommend that future research moves beyond exploration towards systematic and in‐depth investigations building on the existing findings documented here.     

Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity screening with a new iPad application

We present a new iPad application (app) for a fast assessment of Visual Acuity (VA) and Contrast Sensitivity (CS) whose reliability and agreement was evaluated versus a commercial screening device (Optec 6500). The measurement of VA was programmed in the app in accordance with the Amblyopia Treatment Study protocol. The CS was measured with sinusoidal gratings of four different spatial frequencies: 3, 6, 12 and 18 cpd at the same contrast values of the Functional Acuity Contrast Test (FACT) included in the Optec 6500. Forty-five healthy subjects with monocular corrected visual acuities better than 0.2 logMAR participated in the agreement study. Bland-Altman analyses were performed to assess the agreement and Deming regressions to calculate Mean Differences (MDs) and Limits of Agreement (LoAs). Coefficients of reliability were 0.15 logMAR for our method and 0.17 logMAR for the ETDRS testing protocol. For testing the CS, our test showed no statistically significant differences compared with the FACT at any spatial frequency (p > 0.05). The MDs were lower than 0.05 log units for all spatial frequencies.     

基于iPad的智能家居无线控制系统设计

本文主要以智能家居系统中的LED节能灯智能控制为例,设计一种基于2.4GHz WiFi通信技术和工作频率为433MHz的RF通信技术的无线网络通信方式。iPad客户端应用程序发出命令,通过WiFi信号传输到中央控制器处理,然后通过CC1101模块向各个节点发送指令,节点执行相应操作并向客户端应用程序作出应答,以此来达到控制节能灯的目的。本文对设计与实现的关键技术,如CC1101模块的收发数据、LED灯的驱动、客户端应用程序开发、UDP通信协议等进行了详述,也指出了智能家居控制系统的不足。     

Stereopsis assessment at multiple distances with an iPad application

We present a new application for iPad for screening stereopsis at multiple distances that allows testing up to ten levels of stereoacuity at each distance. Our approach is based on a random dot stereogram viewable with anaglyph spectacles. Sixty-five subjects with no ocular diseases, wearing their habitual correction were measured at 3 m and 0.5 m. Results were compared with a standard stereoscopic test (TNO). We found not statistically significant differences between both tests, but our method achieved higher reproducibility. Applications in visual screening programs and to design and use of 3D displays, are suggested.     

An assessment of a modern touch-screen tablet computer with reference to core physical characteristics necessary for clinical vision testing

There are a multitude of applications using modern tablet computers for vision testing that are accessible to ophthalmology patients. While these may be of potential future benefit, they are often unsupported by scientific assessment. This report investigates the pertinent physical characteristics behind one of the most common highest specification tablet computers with regard to its capacity for vision testing. We demonstrate through plotting of a gamma curve that it is feasible to produce a precise programmable range of central luminance levels on the device, even with varying background luminance levels. It may not be possible to display very low levels of contrast, but carefully using the gamma curve information allows a reasonable range of contrast sensitivity to be tested. When the screen is first powered on, it may require up to 15 min for the luminance values to stabilize. Finally, luminance of objects varies towards the edge of the screen and when viewed at an angle. However, the resulting effective contrast of objects is less variable. Details of our assessments are important to developers, users and prescribers of tablet clinical vision tests. Without awareness of such findings, these tests may never reach satisfactory levels of clinical validity and reliability.