纳米SiO2/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的性能研究

在丙烯酸酯乳液聚合过程中,引入由硅酸乙酯原位水解形成的SiO2,制备了新型的纳米SiO2/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液.用红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)以及综合热分析等手段,表征了复合乳液涂膜的特征.结果表明,引入原位形成SiO2的乳液体系,各组分的均匀度及稳定性均很好,尤其可提高复合涂层的热稳定性和抗回粘性,可望在耐水包装领域得到广泛的应用.     

响应面法优化长柄扁桃肽的酶解制备工艺

为高值化开发长柄扁桃种仁蛋白,以长柄扁桃种仁为原料,脱脂后提取水溶性蛋白,采用蛋白酶对其酶解制备长柄扁桃肽。通过比较5种蛋白酶对长柄扁桃水溶性蛋白水解度及酶解产物抗氧化活性的影响,优选合适的酶解用酶,在此基础上,采用单因素实验和响应面实验优化了长柄扁桃多肽的制备工艺。结果表明：采用碱性蛋白酶酶解可以得到更高的长柄扁桃蛋白水解度(16.03%)和酶解产物DPPH自由基清除率(59.49%),更适于长柄扁桃蛋白的酶解;长柄扁桃蛋白的最优酶解工艺条件为酶解温度57℃、酶解时间4 h、碱性蛋白酶用量1 192 U/g、pH 8.4,在此条件下长柄扁桃蛋白水解度为18.12%。酶解长柄扁桃蛋白制备多肽可提高长柄扁桃种仁的附加值,同时可为功能性肽产品提供优质原料。     

碱法水解脱铬革屑制备胶原蛋白水解物的研究

采用碱法水解脱铬革屑制备胶原水解产物 ,研究了影响胶原水解产物收获率的各种因素 ,得出的结论为 :碱法水解的最佳条件为CaO用量 4% (w/w)、反应时间lh、反应温度 60℃、水 -渣比 7,在此条件下 ,胶原水解产物的收获率为 5 5 .0 3 % ,分子量分布在 1 6.1 0kDal左右。本文还测定了胶原水解产物的理化性质     

酸法水解玉米芯制备还原糖液及其在烟用反应型香料中的应用

玉米芯中富含木糖和阿拉伯糖,研究表明玉米芯是生产Maillard反应香料前驱体—戊糖的良好原料。以玉米芯为原料,提取得到戊聚糖,运用稀酸水解法获得还原糖液。HPLC-ELSD法测定表明还原糖液富含木糖和阿拉伯糖。将标准化的还原糖液与氨基酸混和后,经Maillard反应获得了不同风味的反应型香料,为反应型香料的生产找到了一种廉价易得的戊糖原料,并为农产品加工废弃物—玉米芯找到了新的利用途径。     

等离子原位合成TiC颗粒增强Ni基复合涂层

采用等离子熔覆技术,选择合适的工艺参数,在碳钢表面原位合成了TiC/Ni基复合材料涂层.借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线仪、透射电镜对复合涂层的组织、结构进行了测试,并利用热力学原理对TiC形成进行了分析.结果表明:熔覆层的组织由γ-Ni、M23C6、CrB及原位合成的TiC组成,TiC以颗粒状为主,少量呈块状,尺寸为1～2μm,弥散分布于熔覆层中;TiC的形成遵循形核与长大方式进行,等离子快速加热、快速冷却的特点决定了原位合成的TiC颗粒尺寸细小;TiC的不同形态可由共晶过程得到解释.     

In silico Support for Eschenmoser’s Glyoxylate Scenario

A core topic of research in prebiotic chemistry is the search for plausible synthetic routes that connect the building blocks of modern life, such as sugars, nucleotides, amino acids, and lipids to “molecular food sources” that were likely to have been abundant on early Earth. In a recent contribution, Albert Eschenmoser emphasised the importance of catalytic and autocatalytic cycles in establishing such abiotic synthesis pathways. The accumulation of intermediate products furthermore provides additional catalysts that allow pathways to change over time. We show here that generative models of chemical spaces based on graph grammars make it possible to study such phenomena in a systematic manner. In addition to reproducing the key steps of Eschenmoser’s hypothesis paper, we discovered previously unexplored potentially autocatalytic pathways from HCN to glyoxylate. A cascade of autocatalytic cycles could efficiently re-route matter, distributed over the combinatorial complex network of HCN hydrolysation chemistry, towards a potential primordial metabolism. The generative approach also has it intrinsic limitations: the unsupervised expansion of the chemical space remains infeasible due to the exponential growth of possible molecules and reactions between them. Here, in particular, the combinatorial complexity of the HCN polymerisation and hydrolysation networks forms the computational bottleneck. As a consequence, guidance of the computational exploration by chemical experience is indispensable.     

原位水解低温制备ZnO-TiO2复合半导体光催化剂

以乙二醇作反应物和溶剂，通过原位水解低温晶化法在较温和的条件下制备出纳米复合ZnO-TiO2光催化剂．通过TEM、XR-D、UV-Vis、BET、粒度分析等技术手段对光催化剂进行了表征，发现ZnO-TiO2是由纳米级的ZnO和TiO2粒子组成，该光催化剂分散性好，并且可以吸收部分可见光，扩大了光吸收范围。光催化降解甲基橙实验表明，ZnO-TiO2纳米复合氧化物的光催化活性明显高于自制的TiO2和ZnO单一氧化物和商业P25TiO2．