真菌发酵预处理麻疯树籽高效提油初步研究

利用真菌固液态发酵麻疯树籽,通过测定还原糖和氨态氮含量变化,判断真菌对营养成份利用情况与油脂提取效果关系。实验结果表明,经黑曲霉固液态发酵预处理麻疯树籽在发酵48 h得到最大提油量,分别为32.75%(w/w)和31.95%(w/w),比对照组(27.5%,w/w)分别提高19.1%和16.2%;补充适量葡萄糖后有利于提高提油量,经黑曲霉固液态发酵预处理麻疯树籽都在发酵72 h后达最大提油量,分别为35.75%(w/w)和34.65%(w/w),比对照组(27.5%,w/w)分别提高30%和26%。经实验,黄曲霉不适于麻疯树籽发酵,发酵后提油效果没明显提高。     

Densities and excess molar volumes of mixtures containing diesel,biodiesel and alkanols at temperatures from 288.15 to 313.15 K

The present work is focusing on the synthesization and physico-chemical properties of Jatropha curcas biodiesel with diesel and alcohols.The densities of binary diesel (2)+1-alkanols (C_3 or C_4)(3) and ternary Jatropha curcas biodiesel (1)+diesel (2)+1-alkanols (C_3or C_4)(3) blends have been reported over full range of composition at temperatures within range 288.15 to 313.15 K.Also densities of Jatropha curcas biodiesel (1)+diesel or 1-alkanols (C_3 or C_4)(2) blends have been measured at 313.15 K.Excess molar volumes,V~E,V~E_(123)of binary and ternary blends were calculated from the measured data and the derived properties were correlated to composition using Redlich–Kister equation.A reasonable agreement was found between the measured and estimated values.Further,densities and excess molar volumes data were reasoned to discuss molecular interactions taking into consideration effect of composition and temperature.     

Biophysicochemical evaluation and micropropagation study of Jatropha curcas and Ricinus communis for biodiesel production

The upcoming energy sources of Jatropha curcas and Ricinus communis promise to mitigate the energy crisis and environmental pollution belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. Both of them have been researched in terms of availability, cost, and biochemical parameters. The seed oils of various jatropha and castor biotypes were screened out and evaluated for their physiochemical parameters viz. oil content (34–49%), biodiesel yield (30–81%), density (0.875–0.971 g/cm³), viscosity (0.6032–2.004 mm³/s), iodine value (75–450.45 mg/g), free fatty acid value (0.986–3.400 mg/g), saponification value (59.29–93.79 mg/g), flash point (133–218°C), fire point (163–262°C), fatty acid composition, and ash content (0.065–0.398%), and were estimated for comparison between jatropha and castor biotypes. Various combinations of auxins with cytokinins were used for a regeneration study. The best shoot regeneration (70%) was observed in MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.5 ppm) and BAP (2.5 ppm). Root induction (95%) was successfully obtained in plane MS. Acclimatization and hardening was quite successful with a survival rate of 70%.     

An economical and efficient protocol for total RNA isolation from Jatropha curcas

Jatropha curcas is an important non feed crop, increasingly important as a biofuel crop. It is hardy and resistant to different stress conditions in the field. In the wastelands of Gujarat (India), it is being grown for land reclamation and for socio-economic benefits. The long coastline in this state also promotes the growth of a large number of halophytes. Exploiting the genetic resource of Jatropha and halophytes for drought and salt-induced gene is an important area of research. For the isolation of genes and to study the molecular mechanism a good qualitative and quantitative RNA is a prerequisite. Jatropha leaves have latex, and therefore isolating RNA using guanidine thiocyanate or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide did not yield desirable quality of RNA. This paper reports a very simple and economical protocol for the isolation of good quality RNA from Jatropha and a few halophytes. The sodium dodecyl sulphate was used as a detergent for lysis of plant cells in the extraction buffer along with bentonite, which inhibits the ribonuclease’s activity. The addition of water saturated phenol in mortar-pestle, during grinding, facilitated better homogenisation of the tissues. Absolute RNA precipitation was obtained with the help of 2-butoxyethanol. Further this RNA was used successfully in preparation of complementary DNA and subsequently used for gene isolation.     

离子液体催化麻疯树籽油制备生物柴油工艺

离子液体作为绿色液体催化剂具有优良的性能而倍受关注,然而关于离子液体催化合成生物柴油的报道很少。文中以N-甲基咪唑、吡啶为原料,合成N-(4-磺酸基)苄基吡啶硫酸氢根盐离子液体,其结构经IR,1HNMR所证实;以该离子液体为催化剂,催化麻疯树籽油合成生物柴油。在单因子实验基础上,通过正交试验法对反应温度、催化剂的用量、反应时间和醇油摩尔比等影响合成生物柴油的因素进行了优化,同时也对离子液体的稳定性进行了检验。实验结果表明:在反应温度140℃、醇油摩尔比为15∶1、反应时间6 h和催化剂用量为油质量的5%工艺条件下,生物柴油产率可达89.9%,且离子液体的稳定性好,可循环使用5次。此方法制备的生物柴油的主要质量指标与国内外生物柴油生产标准接近。     

小桐子油及其生物柴油在旋流喷嘴中雾化特性数值模拟

为了掌握入射压力对生物质燃油在旋流喷嘴中雾化特性的影响规律,在不同入射压力条件下,采用Fluent数值模拟的方法对小桐子油和小桐子生物柴油进行雾化过程模拟仿真研究。结果表明:使用的旋流雾化喷嘴比普通喷嘴对索特平均直径(D32)有更好的优化效果,内螺旋结构增强了雾化的湍流强度,使得气液两相混合及对雾化液滴的破碎效果更好;在等温条件下,不同入射压力对D32、雾化总表面积、雾化速度、雾化贯穿距影响较大。入射压力越大,D32越小;入射压力越大,雾化总表面积、雾化速度、雾化贯穿距越大。入射压力对D32的影响存在临界值,即小桐子油雾化入射压力达到0.8 MPa、小桐子生物柴油雾化入射压力达到0.7 MPa后,D32趋于稳定,不会随入射压力的增大继续减小;通过曲线拟合及雾滴粒径数量密度分析,得到了不同入射压力距离喷嘴不同位置处轴向D32变化的拟合方程及雾化液滴不同粒径数量密度分布情况。     

离子液体催化麻疯树果油制备生物柴油

通过两步法制备了一种酸性功能化离子液体[BSO3HMIM]HSO4,以麻疯树果油为原料,考察了离子液体[BSO3HMIM]HSO4催化下,甲醇和麻疯树果油酯交换制备生物柴油的性能。结果表明,当醇油摩尔比为12,离子液体[BSO3HMIM]HSO4用量为6%,反应时间为5h,反应温度为120℃时,生物柴油收率可达93.4%,且离子液体[BSO3HMIM]HSO4具有较好的重复使用能力,重复使用6次后,生物柴油的收率没有明显降低。     

亚临界甲醇中麻疯树油制备生物柴油的研究

对麻疯树油在催化剂对甲苯磺酸作用下与亚临界甲醇反应制备脂肪酸甲酯(生物柴油)进行了研究。结果表明在反应温度170℃、醇油摩尔比40:1、催化剂用量占油重的0.75%和反应时间30 m in的条件下,反应产物中脂肪酸甲酯含量可达93%以上。制备的生物柴油,各项指标与柴油相似。主要性能指标,符合ASTMPS121-99(USA)和0#矿物柴油标准。     

麻疯树籽油理化特性和脂肪酸组成分析

对产于我国西南部金沙江沿岸的麻疯树籽油的理化特性及主要脂肪酸组成进行了分析研究.结果表明,麻疯树籽含油量高,且富含油酸和亚油酸(70%以上);油脂碘值低,属于半干性油,特别适合做工业用油,具有较好的开发利用前景.     

小桐子油脂肪酸在超临界甲醇中酯化反应动力学的研究

以小桐子油完全水解制取的脂肪酸为原料,对亚临界-超临界两步法制备生物柴油的第二步脂肪酸在超临界甲醇中酯化反应的影响因素进行了研究。试验结果表明:在脂肪酸与甲醇体积比为1:2,反应温度290℃,反应时间20min时,小桐子油脂肪酸酯化反应较为合适,转化率为98.49%。由试验数据采用数学规划求解进行动力学分析,得到小桐子油脂肪酸在超临界甲醇中酯化反应的平均反应级数为1.4467,活化能为66.79kJ/mol,动力学模型为-(dc_A)/(dt))=5.65×10~5e~(-(66.79)/(RT))c_A~(1.4467)。