不同表面预处理对有机电致发光显示器性能的影响

从生产角度研究了基板表面的预处理工艺对OLED性能的影响,分别用UVOzone、氧Plasma以及两者相结合的方式对基板进行表面处理,并按照生产工艺制作器件,从接触角、方阻以及光电特性等测试结果对各种表面处理的样品进行比较。结果表明以上处理都改善了器件性能,不同程度提高了器件的清洁度、亮度和发光效率,其中UVOzone和氧Plasma结合的方式处理效果最为显著,器件在10V时亮度达到79920cd/m2,比其他两种处理方式亮度提高约25%。     

Maps of sky relative radiance and luminance distributions acquired with a monochromatic CCD camera

The purpose of this work is to characterize the sky relative radiance and luminance distributions from the analysis of sky images acquired using a monochromatic CCD wide angle lens camera. The proposed methodology is based on the reduction of the number of the gray levels from the original image, in order to sharpen the different regions of the sky hemisphere, resulting in low level gray scale maps. In these maps each gray level is related to an intensity level and each pixel is associated to a sky direction. An experimental system that is able to simultaneously supply images from the sky and solar irradiance data was developed using a commercial CCD camera. The sky relative radiance and luminance distributions for different sky conditions were also determined. The resultant maps agree with observations of the main characteristics of sky radiance and luminance distributions.     

Effects of surrounding brightness on visual search for safety colors

The present article reports the investigation of the effects of surrounding brightness on a visual search for three safety colors: red, orange, and yellow. Images of visual stimuli consisting of an array of colored circles placed on a large visual field (a visual angle of 40°) were displayed on an 80‐in. screen with a DLP projector. Experiment I examined the search efficiency under three levels of background luminance that were equivalent to the three target luminances. The results showed that the search efficiency for the orange target decreased as the number of distractors increased, under each of the background luminance levels, whereas the efficiency scarcely decreased for the red and yellow targets. Although a reduction in background luminance increased the search efficiency for the orange target, it is suggested that the effect of background luminance is smaller than the effect of the target color in search efficiency. Experiment II examined the search efficiency under three conditions of low levels of incident illuminance, which were matched with a linear regression to the luminance of color chips of safety colors measured twilight conditions. The results showed that the search efficiency for the orange target decreased as the number of distractors increased under each of the different illuminance conditions, whereas the efficiency scarcely decreased for red and yellow targets. Furthermore, as illuminance decreased, the search time for the orange target was more greatly impacted than for red or yellow. These results imply that the recognition of orange tends to be influenced by the surrounding brightness. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 400–409, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20152     

Complexity of the color appearance of objects with nonuniform illumination

An inversion relationship is clarified between lightness and brightness, and also between chroma and colorfulness under nonuniform illumination with different illuminance levels (high and low) within the same visual field. Brightness (or colorfulness) of object color with low lightness (or chroma) under high illuminance level is perceived higher than that of another object color with high lightness (or chroma) under low illuminance level. Two color images are given for showing the inversion phenomena on brightness–lightness and colorfulness–chroma between object colors under different illuminance levels. These color images are useful for making researchers on color understand the differences in concept between brightness and lightness, and also between colorfulness and chroma. In particular, the concept of colorfulness is important, but difficult to understand. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 372–377, 2007     

一种测量天空亮度的新方法

本文介绍了一种测量天空亮度分布的新方法。这种方法利用视场角为180°的鱼眼镜头照相机和计算机数字图像处理系统,实现了天空亮度分布的瞬时测取和胶片密度的高效率处理。文中论述了胶片灰度与天空亮度的标定转换实验方法。引用了误差理论中的数据处理方法确定出二者间的函数关系。通过对昆明和重庆地区晴和阴天空下大量实测结果的误差处论和分析,得到了其相关系数和标准偏差的频数分布图,由此证明了这种方法的可靠性。     

像增强器亮度增益和等效背景照度测试仪的研制

亮度增益和等效背景照度是衡量像增强器性能的两个重要参数，针对这两个参数的测试要求，阐述像增强器亮度增益和等效背景的测试原理和测试仪的结构设计。利用研制的测试仪对多种型号的像增强器的亮度增益和等效背景照度进行了测试，给出并分析了测试结果。结果表明，本测试仪的结构设计是合理有效的。     

Chromatic luminance,colorimetric purity,and optimal aperture‐color stimuli

Chromatic luminance (i.e., luminance of a monochromatic color) is the source of all luminance, since achromatic luminance arises only from mixing colors and their chromatic luminances. The ratio of chromatic luminance to total luminance (i.e., chromatic plus achromatic luminance) is known as colorimetric purity, and its measurement has long been problematic for nonspectral hues. Colorimetric purity (p_c) is a luminance metric in contrast to excitation purity, which is a chromaticity‐diagram metric approximating saturation. The CIE definition of p_c contains a fallacy. CIE defines maximum (1.0) p_c for spectral stimuli as monochromatic (i.e., optimal) stimuli, and as the line between spectrum ends for nonspectrals. However, this line has <0.003 lm/W according to CIE colorimetric data and is therefore effectively invisible. It only represents the limit of theoretically attainable colors, and is of no practical use in color reproduction or color appearance. Required is a locus giving optimal rather than invisible nonspectral stimuli. The problem is partly semantic. CIE wisely adopted the term colorimetric purity, rather than the original spectral luminance purity, to permit an equivalent metric for spectrals and nonspectrals, but the parameter of equivalence was never clear. Since 1 p_c denotes optimal aperture‐color stimuli for spectrals, arguably 1 p_c should denote optimal stimuli consistently for all stimuli. The problem reduces to calculating optimal aperture‐color stimuli (“optimal” in energy efficiency in color‐matching) for nonspectrals, shown to comprise 442 + 613 nm in all CIE illuminants. This remedy merely requires redefinition of 1 p_c for nonspectrals as the line 442–613 nm, and gives meaningful p_c values over the hue cycle allowing new research of chromatic luminance relations with color appearance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 469–476, 2007     

立体图像对亮度差异对立体视融合的影响研究

针对具有亮度差异的立体图像对如何影响立体融合,提出了对不同亮度差异的立体图像对识别融合的影响范围。通过8名被试对亮度差异分别为0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90的立体图像对融合识别的反应时和正确率进行分析,给出了亮度差异对立体视融合的定量影响范围。结果表明:反应时随着亮度差异的增大逐渐增加,但识别正确率逐渐降低。亮度差异为20以下,立体识别可达到较好的识别效果,反应时较短并且正确率很高。当亮度差异介于20~60之间,反应时急剧增加,正确率稍有降低。但当亮度差异达到60以上,不仅反应时急剧增加,而且正确率急剧降低,达到很难识别的程度。     

面向彩色增强图像的客观质量评价算法

目的 现有的全参考图像质量评价方法使用“完美”的源信号作为参考,但是增强图像的参考图像通常不是“完美”的.因此,现有的全参考质量评价方法不能用于增强图像的评价,提出了一种新的面向彩色增强图像的质量评价算法.方法 利用图像的梯度、颜色和亮度特征,提出了增强图像的梯度增强图、颜色增强图和亮度增强因子的计算方法,计算增强图像相对于参考图像在梯度、颜色和亮度方面的增强程度;并建立了亮度增强因子和梯度增强图、颜色增强图之间的关系模型;另外,原图像的梯度和颜色特征也被提取用于增强图像的质量评价.结果 使用公开数据库进行的实验结果表明,该算法和现有最优算法相比,皮尔逊线性相关系数(PLCC)和斯皮尔曼相关系数(SROCC)分别提高了2.9%和2.5%,而均方根误差(RMSE)则降低了12.3%,获得了比现有算法更优越的性能.结论 本文算法解决了目前已有的评价算法需要参考图像为“完美”图像,而且增强图像质量无法采用相似性程度进行计算的问题,适用于为了获得更好视觉质量的不含噪增强图像的质量评价.     

HSI空间亮度信息的多尺度Retinex图像增强研究

彩色图像增强可以提高图像的亮度,增强图像的对比度和细节,同时使得图像颜色更加逼真自然,并且较少失真,在遥感、医学、刑侦、电视与多媒体等许多方面具有良好的应用前景和重要的理论研究意义。提出基于HSI空间亮度信息的多尺度Retinex图像增强算法（HSI_MSR）,算法通过对HSI颜色空间模型的分析,通过增强HSI模型中I分量,将HSI模型转换到RGB模型,得到增强后的彩色图像。通过仿真实验可知HSI_MSR算法可以较好地提高图像的视觉特性,亮度适合人眼观察,细节较为丰富,使得图像颜色更加逼真自然。