On the applied stress dependence of the subgrain size

The present work studies the collection of experimental data from which Raj and Pharr (Mater. Sci. Eng., 81 (1986) 217) deduced a universal empirical dependence of the subgrain size on the applied stress. In accord with their result and some theoretical predictions the normalized subgrain size d_s/b was ssumed to be proportional to G/σ (G is the shear modulus, b the Burgers vector length, σ the applied stress). The evaluated factor of proportionality K₁, having the value within the interval from 0.76 to 180 in the inspected data sets, was discussed from the point of view of various factors which can influence the experimental data.     

Quantitative description of the microstructure–porosity of sialons and iron silicide inclusions

Sialon ceramics are a modern type of engineering ceramics with excellent mechanical, thermal and corrosion resistant properties. This paper describes the structure characterisation of porous sialon ceramics. It is possible to significantly improve the strength and crack resistance of sialon ceramics as a result of a reduction of the volume fraction of porosity.     

E.C.Bain在X射线金相学方面的重要贡献

Ｅ．Ｃ．Ｂａｉｒ在１９２１－１９２７年间将Ｘ射线粉晶法引入金相学研究，首先发现ＡｕＣｕ３及Ａｕ３Ｃｕ超点阵结构、Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ的奥氏体面心立方结构、高速钢中的Ｆｅ３Ｗ３Ｃ（Ｍ６Ｃ）碳化物以及铬镍不锈钢中的Ｓｉｇｍａ相。他还对奥氏体的转变进行了深入的研究，提出奥氏体／马氏体相变的晶体学关系（Ｂａｉｎ关系），发展出用Ｘ射线测定残留奥氏体的方法，终于在１９３０年开创奥氏体恒温转变的研究，在中温转变得出的以他     

易切削钢硫化物特性分布数理统计分析

用定量金相对易切削钢硫化物特性——数量、面积、宽度、长度和长宽比进行数值分析，用数理统计频数分析对硫化物分布特性进行了表征，用聚类分析对易切削钢硫化物特性分布进行了分类。     

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 65钢热轧圆盘条广泛应用于拉拔高强度钢丝。在拉拔钢丝的过程中断裂现象时有发生。用金相手段分析断裂原因。分析结果认为：导致拉丝断裂的原因是拉丝工艺不当。     

周志宏对魏氏组织及马氏体的形成和形貌的早期金相研究

关于铁合金中相变的详尽显微组织方面的早期研究之一是由艾伯特·苏佛教授的学生周志宏（哈佛大学博士，１９２８年）完成的。该项研究描述了铁碳合金中魏氏组织和马氏体的形成，所用合金具有宽的碳含量范围，热处理时采用的冷却速率范围也是宽的。还描述了一种独特的汞浴淬火方法。此研究工作从未完全发表过。本文援引该博士论文中的一些原始显微组织照片和部分原文，并试图用我们现今对于铁合金相变的理解来阐明和重新诠释。文中还包括中国引进现代工业和科学的历史背景，以及周志宏对苏佛教授的个人回忆。     

Metallographic sample prepared by ion beam etching

Ion beam etching technique was used to reveal the metallograhpic microstructure and interface morphology of electroplating chromium coating, in particular, whose substrate surface layer was treated in advance by laser quenching. Chemical etchings were also conducted for comparison. The reveal microstructures were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that ion beam etching can reveal well the whole microstructures of composite coating-substrate materials.     

Iron working at Zambana el Vato (TN), Italy

ABSTRACT

The workshop of Zambana el Vato (region Trentino, Northern Italy), is dated to the period between the 7th-6th and the 5th century BC. Iron working activities are clearly recognizable from the various finds. Among them there are working slag, heated clay, fragments of hearth or forge, hammerscale and more residues that can be referred to iron technology. A number of selected specimens were sectioned and mounted for photomicroscopy to identify the structure and some of the mounted samples were also examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using both a back scattered electron detector and energy dispersive (EDS) x-ray analysis. This paper presents the results of these studies. The hearths were regularly repaired, as their fragments were found mixed with working slag. The hammerscale samples indicate that there were three iron-working areas. The fragments of forge with traces of tuyeres indicate that bellows were employed. Refining slag was identified among the debris. This is particularly significant as for the moment no iron refining centers are known in this area.     

变电站不锈钢金属膨胀节泄漏原因分析

从化学成分、断口电镜扫描、X射线能谱和金相试验等方面,分析了沧州供电公司某变电站电流互感器不锈钢膨胀节泄漏的原因,认为泄漏是不锈钢膨胀节外表面点状电化学腐蚀所致,而该膨胀节表面状态的不连续性,周围潮湿的空气介质及空气介质中富含S、Cl等元素,是造成膨胀节外表面点状电化学腐蚀的主要原因。     

施压加工对钽铜爆炸复合板性能的影响

本文通过铆钉上和显微硬度分析,讨论了旋压加工对钽铜爆炸复合板性能的影响。结果表明：钽铜爆炸复合板具有足够高的强度,能随旋压加工时的较大塑性变形,施压后复合板整体硬度升高。施压加工后的复合板加热到４００℃时,铜已完全再结晶,而对钽只起去应力的作用。