Synthesis and properties of monodisperse hydroxy-terminated oligomers of 1,4-butanediol and 2,4-toluene diisocyanate

The synthesis of monodisperse hard segments containg 2,4-TDI and 1,4-butanediol by a simple technique is described. High purity material is obtained in good yield. The structures of these hard segments are confirmed by proton n.m.r., ¹³Cn.m.r., and i.r. Glass transition temperatures and melting temperatures are reported. The T_g′s of the hard segments are inversely proportional to the reciprocal of their molecular weights. The T_m′s show an odd-even effect relative to the number of 2,4-TDI units in the hard segment.     

Chromatographic performance of monodisperse–macroporous particles produced by “modified seeded polymerization.” I: Effect of monomer/seed latex ratio

In this study, the monodisperse–macroporous particles produced by a relatively new polymerization protocol, the so‐called, “modified seeded polymerization,” were used as column‐packing material in the reversed phase chromatography (RPC) of proteins. The particles were synthesized in the form of styrene‐divinylbenzene copolymer approximately 7.5 μm in size. In the first stage of the synthesis, the monodisperse polystyrene particles 4.4 μm in size were obtained by dispersion polymerization and used as the “seed latex.” The seed particles were swollen by a low‐molecular‐weight organic agent and then by a monomer mixture. The monodisperse–macroporous particles were obtained by the polymerization of monomer mixture in the seed particles. In the proposed polymerization protocol, the number of successive swelling stages was reduced with respect to the present techniques by the use of sufficiently large particles with an appropriate average molecular weight as the seed latex. A series of particles with different porosity properties was obtained by varying the monomer/seed latex ratio. The separation behavior of HPLC columns including the produced particles as packing material was investigated in the RPC mode using a protein mixture including albumin, lysozyme, cytochrome c, and ribonuclease A. The chromatograms were obtained with different flow rates under an acetonitrile–water gradient. The theoretical plate number increased and chromatograms with higher resolutions were obtained with the particles produced by using a lower monomer/seed latex ratio. The separation ability of the column could be protected over a wide range of flow rates (i.e., 0.5–3 mL/min) with most of the materials tested. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 607–618, 2004     

Monodisperse‐porous poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) beads providing high column efficiency in reversed phase HPLC

A multistage polymerization protocol, the so‐called “modified seeded polymerization,” was developed for the production of monodisperse‐porous poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) providing high column efficiency as a packing material in reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RPLC). In the first stage of the multistage production, uniform polystyrene seed particles, produced by dispersion polymerization, were swollen by an organic agent (i.e., the diluent) and then by a monomer mixture containing styrene and divinylbenzene. The final porous particles were obtained in the monodisperse form by the polymerization of monomer mixture in the seed particles. By the use of a small size seed latex with low molecular weight and by the selection of the appropriate diluent, relatively small monodisperse‐porous particles with suitable pore structure could be achieved. In the reversed phase separation of alkylbenzenes, under isocratic conditions, theoretical plate numbers up to 40,000 plates/m were achieved by using 5.2 μm porous particles, obtained by a toluene‐dibutyl phthalate mixture as the diluent. No significant decrease in the resolution power was observed by the fourfold increase in the mobile phase flow rate. The column efficiency and the resolution observed with 5.2 μm monodisperse‐porous particles were significantly higher with respect to the currently available polymer based packing materials used in the reversed phase HPLC. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1430–1438, 2005     

均分散TiO2纳米晶的制备及应用研究进展

介绍了不同晶形TiO2纳米晶的制备、应用;对TiO2纳米晶的合成方法以及相关材料的应用进展,尤其是均分散TiO2纳米晶的制备技术进行了综述。     

表面活性剂对纳米MCM-41分子筛分散性的影响

采用聚乙二醇为分散剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,在室温碱性条件下合成了粒径为40～60 nm的单分散纳米球形MCM-41分子筛.利用XRD、TEM和N2吸附脱附等手段研究了聚乙二醇用量对纳米球形MCM-41的分散性和介孔结构的影响.结果表明,表面活性剂PEG的加入,可以明显改善纳米颗粒的分散性并且对颗粒形貌影响不大;表面活性剂PEG的加入,样品的六方结构有序性和孔尺寸发生变化.PEG量在1%～20%范围内,样品仍具有较高的六方孔道有序性;PEG量过大(60%)有序性明显下降.随着PEG加入量的增加,纳米MCM-41的晶面间距增大,孔尺寸增大.适量的聚乙二醇可以得到有序性好、比表面积大、孔径均一和孔隙率大的单分散纳米球形MCM-41分子筛.     

异方向导电膜用单分散聚苯乙烯微球的制备

论文研究了异方向导电膜用粒径为5．0μm的单分散(分散系数ε≤0．05)镀金聚合物微球的制备。通过对乳液聚合、悬浮聚合及分散聚合三种工艺的比较，确定了优化的分散聚合反应条件，成功制各出了粒径为5．0μm的单分散(分散系数ε＝0．02)聚苯乙烯微球。所制备的聚苯乙烯微球具有良好的球形度，且表面光滑，无破损、无缺陷，为下一步镀金工艺奠定了坚实的技术基础。     

微波法快速制备单分散纳米银溶胶

不添加任何还原剂,在PVP保护下通过微波辐射[Ag(NH3)2]OH络合物水溶液激发自由电子还原Ag+形成纳米银溶胶。UV-Vis吸收光谱测试表明,胶态纳米银粒子的吸光度随微波辐射时间的延长而增加,但最大吸收波长基本不变。当Ag+/PVP质量比为1:8,微波辐射时间为5min时,吸光度趋于稳定。TEM观测和图像分析结果表明,纳米银粒子的形貌为球形、单分散、平均粒径1.36nm、标准偏差0.54nm。     

混合粒径颗粒物对切割器评价结果的影响研究

依据标准选用8个不同粒径的标准聚苯乙烯小球分别进行PM_2.5切割器的评价,检测周期长、流程复杂。采用多种粒径粒子进行混匀后雾化,形成多分散气溶胶再进行检测,可一次性获取切割器在几种粒径下的捕集效率。用两种方法评价比对了国内外两种切割器,结果表明D_a50及几何标准偏差δ_g一致性较好,偏差不超过3%,但混合方法的测量时间较传统方法缩短了80%。研究成果为优化切割器评价流程提供了参考。     

Viscoelastic properties of monodisperse spherical silica suspension

The viscoelastic properties of the suspension of monodisperse spherical silica produced by hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane in alcohol solvent with ammonia as a catalyst in polyethylene glycol (PEG) were studied. The results show that the SiO2/PEG suspension possesses the reversible shear thinning and shear thickening behaviors. In the shear thinning region, the loss modulus (G″) almost remains unchanged, whereas the storage modulus (G′) decreases. In the shear thickening region, G″ and G′ increase for the formation of the "clusters". The larger G″ over G′ in all the stress studied shows that the system mainly possesses the viscous property, and that the energy dissipated(Ed) is larger than that stored. Ed of this suspension is proportional to the maximum strain (γmax) rising with the exponent of 1.92 under low shear stress; however, in the shear thickening region, Ed is proportional to γmax rising with the exponent of 5.00.     

单分散高聚物的阴离子法合成

概述了单分散聚合物的概念，单分散聚合物在化学化工、化学建材、医药卫生、标准计量等领域的应用以及阴郭子合成单分散高聚物过程中单体与溶剂的精制及处理、催化剂的种类、单体、引发剂、终止剂的加入方式及搅拌方法等条件。