Effects of preparation conditions on the morphology and performance of palladium nanostructures

Three-dimensional palladium nanoflowers (PdNF) composed of ultrathin Pd nanosheets had been synthesized by a solvothermal approach in our previous work. Here, the effects of preparation conditions on the morphology and electrochemical performance of palladium nanostructures were investigated. The explored conditions are as follows: the ratio of reducing agent to capping agent, the concentration of PdCl₂ precursor, the amount of HCl (used for PdCl₂ dissolution), the reaction temperature and time. Only when these conditions are strictly controlled, the obtained Pd material displays a uniformly nanoflower-like morphology, otherwise the Pd samples with nanoparticles or incomplete flowers can only be obtained. Then, the relationship between the morphology of Pd and its electrocatalytic activity was further studied. The results indicate that the Pd with perfect nanoflowers morphology possesses superior activity for formic acid electro-oxidation, while the Pd with incomplete flowers and ordinary (or irregular) particle morphology shows moderate and inferior activity. Therefore, the morphology-dependent electrocatalytic activity has been demonstrated in this work.     

Synthesis and characterization of a triple enzyme-inorganic hybrid nanoflower (TrpE@ihNF) as a combination of three pancreatic digestive enzymes amylase,protease and lipase

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A nanoporous oxide interlayer makes a better Pt catalyst on a metallic substrate: Nanoflowers on a nanotube bed

To improve the contact between platinum catalyst and titanium substrate, a layer of TiO2 nanotube arrays has been synthesized before depositing Pt nanoflowers by pulse electrodeposition. Dramatic improvements in electrocatalytic activity （3x） and stability （60x） for methanol oxidation were found, suggesting promising applications in direct methanol fuel cells. The 3x and 60x improvements persist for Pt/Pd catalysts used to overcome the CO poisoning problem.     

AgCl/BiOCl 片组装纳米花球的合成及光催化性能研究

以硝酸铋(Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O)、硝酸银(AgNO_3)、氯化钾(KCl)为原料,通过无模板、无加热、无表面活性剂的绿色化学方法制备了BiOCl片组装纳米花球,并在它的基础上采用浸渍法负载AgCl实现了对它的改性。以罗丹明B(RhB)和甲基橙(MO)为光催化反应降解模型,进行了光催化活性测试,考察了不同浸渍次数的AgCl对BiOCl光催化剂反应活性和稳定性的影响。用XRD、SEM、EDS、UV-Vis吸收光谱等手段对其结构、形貌、光谱吸收性能等进行了表征。研究表明,AgCl改性的BiOCl复合光催化剂的光催化性能明显优于纯BiOCl,当浸渍2遍时,光催化降解RhB活性最佳,当浸渍5遍时,光催化降解MO活性最佳。     

花状纳米金属及金属化合物的合成及其电磁性能研究

三维花状结构的纳米金属及金属化合物材料作为纳米材料的一个重要组成部分,由于其特殊的形貌和复杂的结构而具备许多块状或者低维纳米材料不具备的性质,在光、电、磁、催化和传感方面显示出巨大的应用前景.综述了近年来有关花状结构纳米金属及金属化合物的合成、性能及其应用,分别介绍了花状纳米金属及金属化合物的主要合成方法,阐述了各种花状纳米金属及金属化合物的电磁性质及其在相关领域的应用.     

WO3纳米花的热处理晶格调控及WO3/CdS/α-S异质结的构筑

为研究热处理过程与异质结构筑对WO₃的光电化学效应的影响机制, 采用低温溶剂热法制备纳米花状WO₃, 通过热处理精确调控WO₃纳米花的活性晶面、晶粒尺寸及结晶度。进一步借助循环化学浴法, 构筑WO₃/CdS/α-S异质结, 并研究其光电化学性能与浓度效应。结果表明, (200)晶面是WO₃纳米花的主要暴露晶面, 且比例随热处理温度升高而增大。350 ℃热处理的WO₃纳米花表现出最高的光响应电流。通过构筑WO₃/CdS/α-S梯形异质结, 增强材料在可见光区的吸收, 以牺牲少部分载流子的方式提高整体光生载流子的分离效率, 促进WO₃的宏观光电化学效应的提升。     

In-situ doping of Co in nickel selenide nanoflower for robust electrocatalysis towards oxygen evolution

The state-of-the-art catalytic materials for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are Ru and Ir precious metals. Despite of high activity in OER, large-scale production and application of these materials are restricted by low abundance and high price. Exploring inexpensive and efficient electrocatalytic materials for OER is a hot spot of research. Herein, Co-doped nickel selenide (Co–NiSe) nanoflowers are solvothermally in-situ grown on nickel foam (NF), which acts as a robust catalytic electrode for OER. In 1.0 M KOH electrolyte, the required overpotential is 380 mV to reach a current density of 100 mA cm⁻². The Tafel slope is 111.0 mV dec⁻¹. A long-term catalytic stability for OER is obtained. Cobalt doping not only produces more catalytically active sites for OER, but also promotes charge transport through electronic interaction with NiSe.     

基于离子液体辅助下微波加热快速合成花状氧化锌纳米粒子

以二水合醋酸锌（Zn（AcO）2·2H2O）和氢氧化钠（NaOH）为原料,采用微波辅助加热,以离子液体作为微波吸附剂和表面活性剂,制备花状纳米氧化锌。用X射线衍射（XRD）,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,荧光光谱仪（PL）对产物的晶相,微观形貌和发光特性进行表征。结果表明,产物是纤锌矿结构ZnO,呈花状,分散性好,光致发光光谱显示样品在421nm处显示出紫色发光峰,在542nm处显示出绿色发光峰。     

溶剂对溶剂热法合成钴纳米花微晶的影响

在水/乙醇混合溶剂中采用溶剂热法合成了六方密堆积晶型(hcp)、形貌新颖的钴纳米花微晶。研究发现溶剂对产物形貌、晶型以及结晶度、收率有显著的影响。在所研究的溶剂中,只有在水/乙醇溶剂可以得到钴纳米花微晶。在较慢的反应速率下倾向于形成较低结晶度、hcp和面心立方(fcc)混晶钴,而提高反应速率有助于形成高结晶度、纯hcp相晶体钴。     

不同形貌MoS2的制备及对NH3气敏性能的研究

氨气污染是空气污染的重要因素之一, 且氨气容易诱发急性水肿和呼吸衰竭等疾病, 严重危害人体健康。开发高性能氨气传感器已经成为氨气实时监测和安全预警的重要手段。本工作采用水热法制备了纳米花状、纳米球状和纳米片状三种不同形貌的二硫化钼, 以此构建了三种MoS₂氨气传感器, 并利用自主搭建的气敏检测平台进行气敏性能研究。气敏实验结果表明: 在三种不同形貌的MoS₂氨气传感器中, 纳米花状MoS₂传感器对于氨气具有更好的响应性能, 对于10×10^-6 NH₃的响应值为7.41%, 而相同氨气浓度条件下的纳米片状和纳米球状MoS₂传感器的响应值分别为2.01%和5.11%。此外, 纳米花状MoS₂传感器还表现出优异的可重复性、稳定性和选择性。纳米花状MoS₂传感器具有优越的响应性能, 主要因为其具有较大的比表面积, 可为NH₃的吸附提供更多的活性位点。本研究为采用MoS₂作为基底材料制备高性能的NH₃传感器提供了新思路。