Structural characteristics of oxide nanosphere supported metal nanoparticles

Structural characterization by transmission electron microscopy of metal nanoparticle coatings on oxide nanospheres has been employed to point out the potential of such materials for use as porous support model catalysts. On silica and titania nanospheres of various origins surface-mediated metal deposition at mild temperature conditions has been utilized to fabricate Pt, Pd, Ag, and Au nanoparticle coatings on the oxide supports. Promising coating characteristics have been achieved for Ag and Au nanoparticles by direct reduction on terminating hydroxyl-rich St?ber silica. A high-resolution electron microscopy analysis directed to surface stress, lattice contraction and planar lattice defects of the latter particles revealed no strong metal-support interaction.     

Template‐Free Fabrication of Mesoporous Alumina Nanospheres Using Post‐Synthesis Water‐Ethanol Treatment of Monodispersed Aluminium Glycerate Nanospheres for Molybdenum Adsorption

This work reports the template‐free fabrication of mesoporous Al₂O₃ nanospheres with greatly enhanced textural characteristics through a newly developed post‐synthesis “water‐ethanol” treatment of aluminium glycerate nanospheres followed by high temperature calcination. The proposed “water‐ethanol” treatment is highly advantageous as the resulting mesoporous Al₂O₃ nanospheres exhibit 2–4 times higher surface area (up to 251 m² g^?1), narrower pore size distribution, and significantly lower crystallization temperature than those obtained without any post‐synthesis treatment. To demonstrate the generality of the proposed strategy, a nearly identical post‐synthesis “water treatment” method is successfully used to prepare mesoporous monometallic (e.g., manganese oxide (MnO₂)) and bimetallic oxide (e.g., CuCo₂O₄ and MnCo₂O₄) nanospheres assembled of nanosheets or nanoplates with highly enhanced textural characteristics from the corresponding monometallic and bimetallic glycerate nanospheres, respectively. When evaluated as molybdenum (Mo) adsorbents for potential use in molybdenum‐99/technetium‐99m (⁹⁹Mo/^99mTc) generators, the treated mesoporous Al₂O₃ nanospheres display higher molybdenum adsorption performance than non‐treated Al₂O₃ nanospheres and commercial Al₂O₃, thereby suggesting the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for improving the functional performance of oxide materials. It is expected that the proposed method can be utilized to prepare other mesoporous metal oxides with enhanced textural characteristics and functional performance.     

PdO修饰的SnO2纳米球的制备及其气敏特性研究

通过溶剂热法和退火处理制备了不同浓度(0 mol％,2 mol％,5 mol％,10 mol％)PdO修饰的SnO2纳米球.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线能谱分析仪(EDS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试手段对材料的物相、元素种类和形貌进行了表征,并制成气敏元件,对氢气(H2)进行气敏测试.实验结果表明:5 mol％PdO修饰的SnO2纳米球气体传感器最佳工作温度为175℃,其对100×10-6氢气灵敏度达到19,是纯的SnO2纳米球的灵敏度的3倍.最后,对PdO修饰氧化锡纳米球气体传感器气敏机理进行了分析讨论.     

空心超顺磁性Fe3O4纳米微球的制备与表征

利用聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物F127作为模板采用共沉淀法制备了空心超顺磁性Fe3O4纳米微球并用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)进行了表征，纳米微球的大小为55-75nm，壳的厚度为7nm左右，颗粒大小均匀、在水溶液中分散良好．     

快速合成单分散聚苯乙烯纳米微球

利用沸腾无皂乳液聚合法制备了粒径均一的聚苯乙烯(PS)聚合物纳米微球,考察了单体浓度、反应时间对所得微球的影响以及聚合过程中微球形貌随反应时间的变化。实验结果表明:通过优化反应条件,可实现单分散PS微球的快速合成。     

单分散镍碳复合纳米球和碳微球的制备

以脱油沥青(deoiled asphalt)为碳源,采用化学气相沉积法(CVD)制备碳微球,其裂解后的残渣经真空热处理制得单分散镍碳复合纳米球.用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对产物进行表征.结果表明,碳微球高纯,属无定型碳结构,大小分布在1～2μm范围内;镍碳复合纳米球为准球形核壳结构,核为镍,壳为碳,尺寸在10～30nm范围,晶化程度较高,结构较完善.     

SnO2纳米空心球的合成及在锂离子电池正极方面的应用

采用锡盐溶液浸渍-煅烧锯末法,制备了SnO2纳米空心球.分别用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)及恒流充放电技术对产品的结构形态和电化学性质进行了表征.结果表明,SnO2空心球的尺寸在50～120nm之间,壳层厚度约为5nm.在作为锂离子电池正极使用时,初始放电容量为607.7 mAh g-1.     

Iron oxide-Palladium core-shell nanospheres for ferromagnetic resonance-based hydrogen gas sensing

Interfaces of ferromagnetic transition metals such as Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel with non-magnetic palladium are of interest due to their unique magnetic and spintronic properties. These interfaces enable ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) based sensing of hydrogen gas. In the present work, we synthesized Fe₃O₄–Pd core-shell nanospheres via a one-pot synthesis method using the thermal decomposition of Fe³⁺ acetylacetonate in the presence of a reducing agent to produce the Fe₃O₄ core, followed by the reduction of a Pd²⁺ precursor to form the pure Pd shell. We found that our in-situ synthesized core-shell nanostructure is magnetically active and shows excellent H₂ gas sensing properties. The effect of reversible hydrogen gas absorption on the magnetism of Fe₃O₄–Pd core-shell nanospheres was investigated. The hydrogen-induced ferromagnetic-resonance (FMR) peak shift amounted to 30% of the peak linewidth for the virgin state of the sample. In addition, in the presence of hydrogen gas, we observed a fully reversible decrease in the FMR peak linewidth by about two times. This was accompanied by a nearly doubling of the FMR peak height. Response and recovery times of about 2 and 50 s, respectively, were extracted from the measurements. All the data was collected using a mix of just 3% hydrogen in a nitrogen carrier gas.