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排序方式: 共有353条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ana Rita Gomes Nasim Bahram Sangani Tiago G. Fernandes M. Margarida Diogo Leopold M. G. Curfs Chris P. Reutelingsperger 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(24)
The central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex structure in the body, consisting of multiple cell types with distinct morphology and function. Development of the neuronal circuit and its function rely on a continuous crosstalk between neurons and non-neural cells. It has been widely accepted that extracellular vesicles (EVs), mainly exosomes, are effective entities responsible for intercellular CNS communication. They contain membrane and cytoplasmic proteins, lipids, non-coding RNAs, microRNAs and mRNAs. Their cargo modulates gene and protein expression in recipient cells. Several lines of evidence indicate that EVs play a role in modifying signal transduction with subsequent physiological changes in neurogenesis, gliogenesis, synaptogenesis and network circuit formation and activity, as well as synaptic pruning and myelination. Several studies demonstrate that neural and non-neural EVs play an important role in physiological and pathological neurodevelopment. The present review discusses the role of EVs in various neurodevelopmental disorders and the prospects of using EVs as disease biomarkers and therapeutics. 相似文献
2.
Withdrawal from an escalating-dose, bingelike regimen of cocaine administration in rats produced significantly depressed levels of locomotor activity during the nocturnal portion of the day-night cycle. This effect was observed during the first 48 hrs of testing. Extracellular single-unit recordings of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons revealed no differences between saline- and cocaine-treated rats with respect to basal firing rates. However, significantly fewer spontaneously active VTA DA neurons were encountered in rats withdrawn from binge cocaine. As with the nocturnal hypoactivity, this effect was observed only during the first 48 hrs of withdrawal. These findings suggest that short-term DA neuron dysfunction during cocaine withdrawal temporally corresponds to behavioral disruptions that are similar to those described in human addicts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
3.
Mireia Casanovas Irene Reyes-Resina Alejandro Lillo Jaume Lillo Raul Lpez-Arnau Jorge Camarasa Elena Escubedo Gemma Navarro Rafael Franco 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(5)
Methamphetamine is, worldwide, one of the most consumed drugs of abuse. One important side effect is neurodegeneration leading to a decrease in life expectancy. The aim of this paper was to check whether the drug affects one of the receptors involved in neurodegeneration/neuroprotection events, namely the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). First, we noticed that methamphetamine does not affect A2A functionality if the receptor is expressed in a heterologous system. However, A2AR becomes sensitive to the drug upon complexes formation with the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) and the sigma 1 receptor (σ1R). Signaling via both adenosine A2AR and cannabinoid CB1R was affected by methamphetamine in cells co-expressing the two receptors. In striatal primary cultures, the A2AR–CB1R heteromer complex was detected and methamphetamine not only altered its expression but completely blocked the A2AR- and the CB1R-mediated activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In conclusion, methamphetamine, with the participation of σ1R, alters the expression and function of two interacting receptors, A2AR, which is a therapeutic target for neuroprotection, and CB1R, which is the most abundant G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in the brain. 相似文献
4.
Ming-Hui Yang Yi-Ming Arthur Chen Shan-Chen Tu Pei-Ling Chi Kuo-Pin Chuang Chin-Chuan Chang Chiang-Hsuan Lee Yi-Ling Chen Che-Hsin Lee Cheng-Hui Yuan Yu-Chang Tyan 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) regulates S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), a methyl donor in methylation. Over-expressed SAMe may cause neurogenic capacity reduction and memory impairment. GNMT knockout mice (GNMT-KO) was applied as an experimental model to evaluate its effect on neurons. In this study, proteins from brain tissues were studied using proteomic approaches, Haemotoxylin and Eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and ingenuity pathway analysis. The expression of Receptor-interacting protein 1(RIPK1) and Caspase 3 were up-regulated and activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) was down-regulated in GNMT-KO mice regardless of the age. Besides, proteins related to neuropathology, such as excitatory amino acid transporter 2, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha, and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase were found only in the group of aged wild-type mice; 4-aminobutyrate amino transferase, limbic system-associated membrane protein, sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 and ProSAAS were found only in the group of young GNMT-KO mice and are related to function of neurons; serum albumin and Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 1 were found only in the group of aged GNMT-KO mice and are connected to neurodegenerative disorders. With proteomic analyses, a pathway involving Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signal was found to be associated with aging. The GnRH pathway could provide additional information on the mechanism of aging and non-aging related neurodegeneration, and these protein markers may be served in developing future therapeutic treatments to ameliorate aging and prevent diseases. 相似文献
5.
Anna Kutschenko Selma Staege Karen Grütz Hannes Glaß Norman Kalmbach Thomas Gschwendtberger Lisa M. Henkel Johanne Heine Anne Grünewald Andreas Hermann Philip Seibler Florian Wegner 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(7)
Myoclonus-dystonia (DYT-SGCE, formerly DYT11) is characterized by alcohol-sensitive, myoclonic-like appearance of fast dystonic movements. It is caused by mutations in the SGCE gene encoding ε-sarcoglycan leading to a dysfunction of this transmembrane protein, alterations in the cerebello-thalamic pathway and impaired striatal plasticity. To elucidate underlying pathogenic mechanisms, we investigated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) from two myoclonus-dystonia patients carrying a heterozygous mutation in the SGCE gene (c.298T>G and c.304C>T with protein changes W100G and R102X) in comparison to two matched healthy control lines. Calcium imaging showed significantly elevated basal intracellular Ca2+ content and lower frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ signals in SGCE MSNs. Blocking of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels by verapamil was less efficient in suppressing KCl-induced Ca2+ peaks of SGCE MSNs. Ca2+ amplitudes upon glycine and acetylcholine applications were increased in SGCE MSNs, but not after GABA or glutamate applications. Expression of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and most ionotropic receptor subunits was not altered. SGCE MSNs showed significantly reduced GABAergic synaptic density. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings displayed elevated amplitudes of miniature postsynaptic currents and action potentials in SGCE MSNs. Our data contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for myoclonus-dystonia. 相似文献
6.
介绍了基于自适应滤波理论的谐波检测原理,分析了自适应神经元算法用于谐波检测的可行性,设计了基于自适应谐波检测的并联型航空混合有源滤波器,对滤波特性进行了仿真研究。结果表明,基于自适应滤波理论的谐波检测方法能够快速、精确地检测相电流谐波含量,在相电压波形发生畸变的情况下,也具有较好的自适应能力、快速补偿能力和跟踪性能。 相似文献
7.
In this paper, an approach to solving the classical Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) using a recurrent network of linear threshold (LT) neurons is proposed. It maps the classical TSP onto a single-layered recurrent neural network by embedding the constraints of the problem directly into the dynamics of the network. The proposed method differs from the classical Hopfield network in the update of state dynamics as well as the use of network activation function. Furthermore, parameter settings for the proposed network are obtained using a genetic algorithm, which ensure a stable convergence of the network for different problems. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed network performs better than the classical Hopfield network for optimization. 相似文献
8.
9.
Stephen J. Blackband Richard W. Bowtell Andrew Peters Jonathan C. Sharp Peter Mansfield Edward W. Hsu Nanci Aiken Anthony Horsman 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》1994,2(3):445-447
Previous NMR microimaging studies at 360 MHz have demonstrated a clear differentiation between the nucleus and cytoplasm in isolated single neurons. In particular, theT
2 of the cell nucleus is 2.5 times larger than that of the cytoplasm. In order to determine the magnitude of possibleT
2
*
influences on these observations, images of single cells have been obtained at 500 MHz using spin-echo and line-narrowing sequences. Comparison of the images acquired by the two sequences, and of the spin-echo images at 360 and 500 MHz, imply that anyT
2
*
contributions are relatively small. Consequently, the measuredT
2 differences in spin-echo imaging represent a true difference in theT
2 relaxation in the two cellular compartments. 相似文献
10.