库仑摩擦对机械振动的影响

库仑摩擦力与运动的关系是非线性、非光滑的,从而使振动系统的动力学行为更加丰富。本文讨论库仑摩擦对单自由度系统自由振动及受迫振动的影响。将干摩擦阻尼系统与线性阻尼系统进行对比,借助MATLAB数值计算工具,分析两种系统在相空间中解的状态轨迹,得出干摩擦振动系统一些特有的动力学行为。     

非光滑慢变系统的稳定性

文章研究了一般情形的非光滑慢变系统的稳定性,对于线性时变系统右端仅满足Lips-chitz条件而不可微时的情形给出了指数稳定性定理,并给出了ε的上界。     

基于非光滑观测器的间隙三明治系统状态估计

在工业领域, 机械传动系统、液压系统等往往含有间隙特性, 这类系统可以用带间隙的三明治系统描述. 本文针对带间隙的三明治系统特点, 构建了一种非光滑观测器以对系统状态进行估计. 首先根据带间隙三明治系统的特点, 采用分离原理, 建立了描述系统特性的非光滑状态空间方程. 据此构造了能够随系统工作区间变化而自动切换的非光滑观测器, 给出了相应的收敛定理及其证明. 最后通过伺服液压系统的例子, 分别比较了非光滑观测器和传统的观测器对状态的跟踪效果, 比较结果表明非光滑观测器对于带间隙三明治系统状态变量估计的准确性要优于传统的观测器.     

基于退化激励信号的含有迟滞的三明治系统辨识

含有迟滞的三明治系统不仅具有非光滑、多值映射等特性, 而且迟滞环节的输入输出信号还是不能直接测量的, 常规方法难以进行有效的辨识. 本文提出了一种基于退化激励信号的两步辨识方案: 第一步, 设计一个特殊的退化激励信号将迟滞环节退化为一条静态曲线, 从而可以将两端的线性动态环节辨识出来, 解决中间信号不可测的问题; 第二步, 利用已辨识的线性模型重构迟滞环节的输入输出信号, 再采用“扩展输入空间法”建立迟滞环节的神经网络模型. 最后, 在压电超精密运动系统的实验结果表明所提出的建模方法取得了令人满意的结果.     

沟槽非光滑表面流场的数值分析

利用有限体积法对三角形仿生非光滑沟槽表面流场进行了数值计算。近壁面区采用B-L两层模型,外区采用雷诺应力模型。分析了沟槽表面的流场特性,对计算域中心Z=3 mm平面的速度场和湍流统计量进行了研究。顶点间距s+≈20,h+≈17.3的沟槽减阻率为5.2%;s+≈40,h+≈34.6的沟槽增阻率为12.3%。从速度场、剪应力及湍流统计三方面对沟槽表面减阻、增阻机理进行了分析讨论。与风洞和油槽实验数据定性对比的结果表明,理论计算与实验结果一致。     

Robust eigenstructure clustering by non-smooth optimisation

We extend classical eigenstructure assignment to more realistic problems, where additional performance and robustness specifications arise. Our aim is to combine time-domain constraints, as reflected by pole location and eigenvector structure, with frequency-domain objectives such as the H₂, H_∞ or Hankel norms. Using pole clustering, we allow poles to move in polydisks of prescribed size around their nominal values, driven by optimisation. Eigenelements, that is poles and eigenvectors, are allowed to move simultaneously and serve as decision variables in a specialised non-smooth optimisation technique. Two aerospace applications illustrate the power of the new method.     

Species-based Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization for economic load dispatch

Economic load dispatch (ELD) is one of the important optimization problems in the operation of power systems which can be helpful to create effective generating management plans. In this paper, the ELD problem is discussed considering transmission network losses and practical constraints of plants such as generation ramp rate, prohibited operation zones, and valve-point effects. A new method called Species-based Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (SQPSO), which is based on the Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO), is proposed and applied in order to solve this problem possessing non-smooth and smooth cost functions. In the proposed intelligent technique, the particles are classified according to the output results and they explore the answers in each iteration in-group form. The new method has just one control parameter. The simulation results and the numerical investigations of various examples are compared with other conventional techniques to assess the efficiency of the proposed method. The results of the numerical investigations well depict that in spite of its simplicity, the proposed method is superior over the other techniques from standpoint of optimum answer exploitation as well as possessing appropriate and acceptable speed and stability.     

仿生非光滑旋成体表面减阻特性数值模拟

在前期进行的仿生非光滑旋成体模型低速风洞试验的基础上,将非光滑形态在旋成体模型上的排列方式固定为矩形布置,非光滑的尺寸固定为直径或宽度为1 mm,深度或高度为0.5 mm,在风速为44 m/s时,对布置在模型尾部的凸包形、凹坑形和棱纹形三种非光滑模型与表面光滑模型进行了对比模拟试验。试验结果表明,布置在尾部的非光滑结构能够有效地降低模型的压差阻力,尤其是棱纹状非光滑形态模型,压差阻力降低了25.3%,总阻力降低了11.12%。     

适应非光滑特性的交直流混合电力系统状态估计

交直流混合电力系统中的有载调压变压器(on-load-tap-changer, OLTC)和换流器模型存在大量限幅、死区等非光滑特性,如何处理换流器引入的分段函数约束是当前状态估计的研究难点。构建了OLTC的混合整数非线性(mixedintegernonlinearprogramming, MINLP)模型,通过控制二次侧电压水平得到OLTC挡位的估计值。针对换流器采用分段函数描述包含限幅、死区等下垂控制特性的问题,提出采用近似拟合函数将分段函数光滑化。与采用MINLP描述分段函数的方法相比,所提模型显著提高了计算效率。通过3节点和IEEE14节点交直流混合系统算例,验证了所提状态估计模型的正确性和实用性,同时分析了拟合系数对状态估计的影响。算例表明,所提模型增强了状态估计处理不良数据的能力,提高了对非光滑特性的适应能力,在保证计算精度的前提下能够提高状态估计的收敛性。