Establishment of a color tolerance for yarn-dyed fabrics from different color-depth yarns

Yarn-dyed fabric is often woven from warp and weft yarns in the same color depth to ensure a uniform color appearance. The difference in color depth between warp and weft tends to result in the uneven color of the yarn-dyed fabric. This article aims to establish a color tolerance for yarn-dyed fabric that can be woven with a qualified color appearance but from the warp and weft yarns in different color depths. A total of 27 yarn-dyed fabric samples in three color series (red, yellow, and blue) were evaluated by using the yarn-dyed fabric from warp and weft yarns in the same color depth of 2% (on weight of fabric, owf) as the standard. Visual assessment and instrumental measurement of color were carried out to establish the color tolerance ellipse that was defined as CMC (Color Measurement Committee) color differences (2:1) of no more than 1.00. It was found that the color strengths (K/S) and color differences (ΔE_CMC(2:1)) of these fabric samples for each color series had linear relationships with the color depths of warp and weft yarns. The color tolerance ellipses indicated that, even though the warp and weft yarns had an apparent color difference, they could be woven in fabrics with relatively uniform color appearance and meet the requirements for yarn-dyed fabric. This work provided valuable insight into the production of qualified yarn-dyed fabrics from unqualified dyed yarns.     

Affective matches of fabric and lighting chromaticity

This study investigates the impact of lighting colors on subjective judgments of fabric: in particular, whether the influence of lighting varies depending on fabric types and color combinations. We conducted two visual assessments. In Study 1 (N = 44), eight illuminants and six types of fabric were presented as cloth stimuli. Derived from the literature review, four sets of adjectives (humble-luxurious, cool-warm, old-new, and not preferred-preferred) were used as metrics. In Study 2 (N = 41), five sets of fabric color combination swatches were assessed under lighting conditions that were identical to those of Study 1. Three bipolar scales (ordinary-characterful, classic-modern, and soft-rigid), were employed from factor analysis along with three unipolar scales (luxurious, preferred, harmonious with lighting). The results showed that hue characteristics of lighting and cloth types influenced participants' perceptions of the fabric. Overall, white lighting with 4000 K was the most preferred and luxurious lighting across various types of clothes, while a pinkish white with 4700 K (duv = −0.0127) was the best matched in every color combination. In addition, there were interaction effects between lighting colors, clothes types, and fabric color combinations with regard to each of the perceptual qualities. This study provides empirical evidence for optimally match lighting colors with fabric in the presentation of fabric goods.     

Three‐dimensional color prediction modeling of single‐ and double‐layered woven fabrics

In this research, the three‐dimensional structural and colorimetric modeling of three‐dimensional woven fabrics was conducted for accurate color predictions. One‐hundred forty single‐ and double‐layered woven samples in a wide range of colors were produced. With the consideration of their three‐dimensional structural parameters, three‐dimensional color prediction models, K/S‐, R‐, and L*a*b*‐based models, were developed through the optimization of previous two‐dimensional models which have been reported to be the three most accurate models for single‐layered woven structures. The accuracy of the new three‐dimensional models was evaluated by calculating the color differences ΔL*, ΔC*, Δh°, and ΔE_CMC(2:1) between the measured and the predicted colors of the samples, and then the error values were compared to those of the two‐dimensional models. As a result, there has been an overall improvement in color predictions of all models with a decrease in ΔE_CMC(2:1) from 10.30 to 5.25 units on average after the three‐dimensional modeling.     

浇筑式沥青混凝土心墙型式改进的建议

本文根据浇筑式沥青混凝土主、副心墙材料的性能，分折了沥青混凝土心墙施工或运行中破坏的原因，建议用编织一无纺复合布取代预制块，以避免主、副心墙材料变形性能相差悬残对心墙运行的不利影响，从而发挥浇筑式沥青混凝土心墙的优越性。     

玻璃纤维布内中空纤维丝的检测

介绍了玻璃纤维布内中空纤维丝的检测方法。     

聚甲亚胺改性尼龙6复合材料的等温结晶动力学

采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）对聚甲亚胺（PAM）/尼龙6复合材料等温结晶过程进行了研究。结果表明，PAM的加入使得基体的结晶速率增大，尤其是当含量为5%时，半结晶期明显减少。研究还发现，该体系的等温结晶过程完全可以用Avrami方程来描述，各试样的Avrami指数均在2-3之间，表明Avrami指数，球晶生长方式基本不受聚甲亚胺加入的影响。基体中原位形成的聚甲胺微纤起到了诱导结晶的作用，使得基体的结晶速率加快，但随着微纤含量的增加，由于分散性能变差而使得诱导结晶的能力减弱，表现为结晶速率又有所降低。     

彩横条纬编织物的生产

在普通圆纬机上编织彩横条织物时，彩横务循环单元受到一定限制。而在具有四色或六色调线装置的横务纹机上编织彩横条织物时，可扩大彩横条循环单元的横列数。文中举列说明了彩横条织物的设计与上机工艺的制定方法。     

亚麻织物无醛免烫整理工艺研究

采用多元羧酸聚合型无醛免烫整理剂处理亚麻织物，确立了整理剂、催化剂、添加剂用量等最佳工艺条件，整理后亚麻织物的免烫性能得到了明显的改善。     

苎麻织物的纤维素酶处理的研究

阐述了纤维素酶减量的作用原理，对苎麻织物的纤维素酶处理工艺和结果进行了讨论，确立了最佳工艺：酶用量2%owf，温度50～55℃，pH值5～5.5，苎麻织物用纤维素酶处理后结合用氨基硅微乳液处理，能改善外观、手感和悬垂性，基本解决刺痒感问题。     

国外农用非织造布覆盖材料的应用

非织造布在现代农业生产中占有重要地位 ,非织造布作为农用覆盖材料在柑橘、草莓、茶叶、花卉、水稻和玉米育苗以及人参栽培等多方面应用较为广泛 ,本文对国外农用非织造布覆盖材料的特点、性能以及应用情况作了介绍