Role of platinum in the Na2SO4-Induced hot corrosion resistance of aluminum duffusion coatings

Electrochemical corrosion measurements have been carried out with Pt-containing and Pt-free Al-diffusion coatings on IN 738 LC in a 90Na₂SO₄+ 10K₂SO₄ (mol%) melt at 1173 K. Pt improves the resistance to basic fluxing while there are no significant differences between both coating types in their resistance to acidic fluxing. The corrosion resistance of the Pt-containing coating is also higher in the passive potential region where protective scales rich in Al₂O₃ are formed. The reason for the different behavior of both coating types appears to be related to the high corrosion resistance of the Pt-rich surface layer of the coating and an increased Al₂O₃ content in the scale of the Pt-containing type.     

A catalytic platinum–ruthenium–polyaniline electrode for methanol oxidation

Polyaniline films prepared on Au wires were employed as substrates to deposit Pt and/or Ru using a potential-programmed perturbation. Different compositions of Pt and Ru ions in acid electrolyte were employed to decorate the electrodes. The atomic percentages of Pt and Ru on Pani were determined by EDAX and particle size and distribution by SEM. The catalytic activity was tested for adsorbed CO and CH₃OH electrooxidation. Nanoparticles of Pt–Ru with different Pt–Ru contents were obtained and characterized for each reaction.     

Efficiency and degradation of a copper indium diselenide photovoltaic module and yearly output at a sunny site in Jordan

The present work mainly deals with the testing and modeling of a commercially-available copper indium diselenide (CIS) ST40 module from the former Siemens Solar Industries (SSI). For this purpose, a large quantity of current/voltage characteristics were measured in the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI)’s photovoltaic test-facility under different cell temperatures, solar irradiation and air mass, AM, conditions. They were used to develop a semi-empirical efficiency model to correlate all measured data sets. The goal was to make available a model, allowing quick and accurate calculation of the performance of the CIS module under all relevant operating conditions.

For the undegraded state of the module, the efficiency model allowed us to deduce the efficiency at Standard Test Conditions, STC, and its temperature coefficient at STC, which were 11.58% and minus 0.050%/°C, respectively. The output of the undegraded module under STC was found to be 42.4 W, i.e., 6% higher than specified by the manufacturer (40 W). Furthermore, the efficiency does not decrease with increasing air mass. At a cell temperature of 25 °C and a relative air mass of 1.5, the module has a maximum in efficiency of 12.0% at an irradiance of about 650 W/m². This indicates that the series-resistance losses become significant at higher irradiances. Hence, improving the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) electrode on the front side of the cells might lead to a higher output at high irradiances.

Identical testing and modeling were repeated after having exposed the module to real weather conditions for one year. We found that the STC efficiency was reduced by 9.0%, from 11.58 down to 10.54%. The temperature coefficient of the efficiency had changed from minus 0.050 %/°C to minus 0.039%/°C. These results indicate possible chemical changes in the semiconductor film. The output of the module at STC was reduced by 9.0% from 42.4 W down to 38.6 W.

Using meteorological data from a sunny site in the South of Jordan (Al Qauwairah) and the efficiency model presented here allows us to predict the yearly electricity yield of the CIS module in that area. Prior to degradation, the yield was found to be 362 kWh/m² for the Sun-tracked module; and 265 kWh/m² for the fix-installed module (South-oriented, at an inclination angle of 30°). After degradation the corresponding yields were found to be 334 and 241 kWh/m²; meaning losses of 8.4% and 9.5%, respectively. (Note: all units of energy, kWh, are referred to the active cell area.) Having available efficiency models for other module types, similar predictions of the yield can be made, facilitating the comparisons of the yearly yields of different module types at the same site. This in turn allows selecting the best module type for a particular site.     

纳米材料与微电极生物传感器

主要阐述了利用微电子机械加工技术制作一种新型的微电极集成生物传感器 ,并利用电化学方法在微电极表面固定超微粒的纳米材料 ,检验纳米材料对生物传感器稳定性、灵敏度、响应时间等影响。这种具有纳米尺度效应的生物传感器将在生物医学领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

钕磷酸盐激光玻璃中金属铂颗粒的产生与迁移

给出了钕磷酸盐激光玻璃中可能存在的铂磷酸盐、偏磷酸盐化合物的热力学参数.利用这些参数,研究了激光玻璃熔制过程中可能发生的液-固、气-固、气-液等化学反应的方向和限度,分析了玻璃中金属铂颗粒的可能来源、存在方式及迁移过程.结合实验讨论了铂的产生及迁移、最佳除铂工艺途径和钕磷酸盐激光玻璃的除铂机理.     

利用微机数据处理提高温度测量精度

本文讨论两种利用微机数据处理提高铂电阻温度传感器测量精度的修正算法.多通道温度数据采集器通过USB总线接口与计算机连接,温度传感器采用Pt100铂电阻,通过修正铂电阻的0(C电阻值R0、100(C与0(C电阻比值W100,有效提高温度测量精度,以达到使用廉价的B级Pt100铂电阻传感器,仍可获得较高的测量精度.     

铂扩散快恢复二极管特性的研究

描述了用直拉单晶(CZ)硅片采取铂液态源扩散的方法控制少子寿命,以达到减小快恢复二极管的反向恢复时间的目的.通过一系列的实验对铂扩散二极管的特性进行研究,分析了铂扩散二极管的反向恢复时间TRR、正向压降VF以及漏电流IR等参数之间的关系,并分析了反向恢复时间TRR的温度特性.得到TRR与VF之间的理想折衷:TRR为80～500 ns,VF控制在0.9～1.3 V.不但使TRR与VF的折衷有了较大的改善,而且在材料上采用了成本较低的直拉单晶硅片代替成本较高的外延片.分析了铂扩散温度和时间对反向恢复时间TRR和正向压降VF的影响,理论上解释了各主要参数之间相互影响的原因.     

自动气象站温度传感器在现场检定中电磁干扰源的探讨

简要介绍了自动气象站温度传感器的测温原理;分析了自动气象站温度传感器常见的电磁干扰来源,以及温度传感器在现场检定过程可能产生的电磁干扰和对检定工作造成的误差和影响,并提出了增加滤波、正确接地及改变检定方式等应对措施.     

Regeneration of platinum-metal-based catalysts with carboxyphosphines as extractants

Separation of platinum-metal-based homogeneous catalysts was achieved by their conversion to complexes of functionalized phosphines of the general formulae R_3-n P[(CH₂) _x CO₂H)] _n , R = Me, Et, Ph,n = 1, 2, 3,x = 1, 2, and [(HO₂CCH₂)PCH₂]₂, followed by extraction of the complexes into aqueous phase. This approach to regeneration of platinum metals from reaction mixtures after carrying out homogeneously catalyzed reactions was demonstrated on 11 examples of various types of reactions with Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt compounds as catalysts.