An Engineered Biliverdin-Compatible Cyanobacteriochrome Enables a Unique Ultrafast Reversible Photoswitching Pathway

Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are promising optogenetic tools for their diverse absorption properties with a single compact cofactor-binding domain. We previously uncovered the ultrafast reversible photoswitching dynamics of a red/green photoreceptor AnPixJg2, which binds phycocyanobilin (PCB) that is unavailable in mammalian cells. Biliverdin (BV) is a mammalian cofactor with a similar structure to PCB but exhibits redder absorption. To improve the AnPixJg2 feasibility in mammalian applications, AnPixJg2_BV4 with only four mutations has been engineered to incorporate BV. Herein, we implemented femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) and ground state femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (GS-FSRS) to uncover transient electronic dynamics on molecular time scales and key structural motions responsible for the photoconversion of AnPixJg2_BV4 with PCB (Bpcb) and BV (Bbv) cofactors in comparison with the parent AnPixJg2 (Apcb). Bpcb adopts the same photoconversion scheme as Apcb, while BV4 mutations create a less bulky environment around the cofactor D ring that promotes a faster twist. The engineered Bbv employs a reversible clockwise/counterclockwise photoswitching that requires a two-step twist on ~5 and 35 picosecond (ps) time scales. The primary forward P_fr → P_o transition displays equal amplitude weights between the two processes before reaching a conical intersection. In contrast, the primary reverse P_o → P_fr transition shows a 2:1 weight ratio of the ~35 ps over 5 ps component, implying notable changes to the D-ring-twisting pathway. Moreover, we performed pre-resonance GS-FSRS and quantum calculations to identify the Bbv vibrational marker bands at ~659,797, and 1225 cm⁻¹. These modes reveal a stronger H-bonding network around the BV cofactor A ring with BV4 mutations, corroborating the D-ring-dominant reversible photoswitching pathway in the excited state. Implementation of BV4 mutations in other PCB-binding GAF domains like AnPixJg4, AM1_1870g3, and NpF2164g5 could promote similar efficient reversible photoswitching for more directional bioimaging and optogenetic applications, and inspire other bioengineering advances.     

普碳钢超大总压下量可逆冷轧工艺技术及生产实践

针对目前我国部分钢企由于现有工艺装备投产较早、技术落后、机组能力不足，只能采取中间退火+二轧程工艺生产0.12～0.15 mm薄规格冷轧产品，生产成本增加、周转周期长，不能灵活应对复杂多变的冷轧市场需求的状况，开发了普碳钢单轧程可以实现95%以上超大总压下量的单机架六辊可逆冷轧机组。结合国内新投产的某1 150 mm单机架六辊可逆冷轧机组的稳定规模化生产实践，阐述了机组工艺设备选型、主要工艺技术参数配置和生产需解决的核心关键技术难点，同时列举了几种市场需求量大、附加值高的薄规格冷轧产品的现场实际生产工艺参数，以说明该机组的实际应用效果。     

3300mm轧机辊缝位置控制系统的研制

介绍3300mm中厚板可逆热轧机辊缝调整机构的组成,设计了3300mm轧机辊缝位置控制系统控制方案,给出了该方案中压下电机调速系统的设计过程,最终依据设计方案研制了辊缝控制系统,并在实际生产中运行使用。现场运行结果表明,用有准备切换逻辑无环流控制系统控制压下电机的辊缝位置,性能稳定,定位迅速,控制精度达到±0.3mm。宝钛集团使用该设备生产的钛及钛合金中厚板、镍板、锆及锆合金板等质量达到国际同类产品的先进水平。     

双向叶轮直驱式海浪发电装置设计与优化

为了降低海洋能源发电装置的发电成本、提升发电效率,研制了一种新型的双向叶轮直驱式海浪发电装置。采用经验算法和Fluent软件分别对装置的发电机、叶片、双向轴流泵和导流罩进行了设计优化。通过对安装20 W电机和200 W电机发电装置的水槽试验,分析了在不同工况和负载下,发电装置输出的直流电流值、直流电压值、发电功率以及获能效率。结果显示,波浪力能够直接驱动装置叶轮运转进行发电,不需经过中间环节转换,省去了二级发电损耗,在最低流速0.5 m/s的工况下装置能够自启动,而且水流的流向不影响装置的发电效率。从最终的获能效率可知,导流罩对于提升装置发电效率作用巨大。通过对此新型双向直驱式海浪发电装置的进一步研究表明,该发电装置尺寸及发电机功率是制约整个装置发电效率的关键,为下一步研制大型样机以及进行海试提供了依据。     

低温可逆示温涂料及性能的研究

介绍了以Ag2HgI4为变色颜料,不同的无机材料作为填料,研制成低温可逆示温涂料的工艺流程;通过该系列示温涂料的变色温度、复色时间等性能实验,探讨了不同类型的填料对示温涂料性能的影响,并确定了最佳配方。     

基于矩阵初等变换的量子可逆逻辑电路双向综合算法

基于矩阵初等变换,提出了量子可逆逻辑电路双向综合算法。该算法依据两数字间的汉明距离,通过交换矩阵行号或矩阵元素对量子可逆逻辑电路的矩阵进行初等行变换。在变换的过程中,利用邻接矩阵的电路转化规则,生成任意给定置换的量子可逆逻辑电路。与其它同类算法相比,由于不需要穷尽搜索,该算法的时空复杂度有大幅降低;又由于采用任意n量子扩展通用Toffoli门,该算法可综合任一置换(奇或偶置换)的量子可逆逻辑电路,并且电路中门的数量有所减少。     

Thermally reversible cross-linked polyamides and thermo-responsive gels by means of Diels-Alder reaction

Cross-linked polyamides and polyamide gels were prepared from maleimide-containing polyamides and a tri-functional furan compound and showed thermal reversibility in cross-linking behavior and in gel formation through Diels-Alder (DA) and retro-DA reactions. The rate constant k of the DA cross-linking reaction were 1.25-4.83×10⁻⁵ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹ in the temperature range of 20-60 °C with an activation energy of 32.1 kJ mol⁻¹. The cross-linking densities, thermal properties, and thermal reversibility of the polyamides/furan polymers were adjustable with the contents of maleimide groups in polyamides.     

Enzymatic esterification of glycerol II. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of regioisomerically pure 1(3)-rac-monoacylglycerols

Regioisomerically pure 1(3)-rac-monoacylglycerols are conveniently prepared in high yields (>75%) and in multigram quantities by enzymatic esterification of glycerol in the presence of various lipases(Chromobacterium viscosum, Rhizopus delemar, Rhizomucor miehei) with a variety of different acyl donors, such as free fatty acids, fatty acid alkyl esters, vinyl esters and triacylglycerols, as well as natural fats and oils. All reactions are carried out in aprotic organic solvents with low water content, namelyn-hexane, diethyl ether, tBuOMe or mixtures of these solvents. Essential for the success of these transformations were the following two factors. First, the creation of an artificial interphase between the solvent-immiscible hydrophilic glycerol and the hydrophobic reaction medium by its adsorption onto a solid support. Second, a facile system for the separation of the desired monoacylglycerol from the reaction mixture, coupled with the continuous recycling of acyl donor and undesirable by-products.     

Enzymatic esterification of glycerol I. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of regioisomerically pure 1,3-sn-diacylglycerols

Regioisomerically pure 1,3-sn-diacylglycerols are conveniently prepared in high yields (>80%) and in large quantities by enzymatic esterification of glycerol in the presence of various 1,3-selective lipases(Chromobacterium viscosum, Rhizopus delemar, Rhizomucor miehei) and a variety of different acyl donors like free fatty acids, fatty acid alkyl esters and vinyl esters. All reactions are carried out in aprotic organic solvents of low water content, namelyn-hexane, diethyl ether or tBuOMe. The creation of an artificial interphase between the solvent-immiscible hydrophilic glycerol and the hydrophobic reaction media by the adsorption of glycerol onto a solid support prior to use was essential for the success of these transformations. The effects of reaction conditions and the regioselectivities of the lipases on the product yields are described in detail.     

聚丙烯酸叔丁酯的可控合成

以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,1-苯乙基二硫代苯乙酸酯(PEPDTA)为RAFT试剂,在乙酸乙酯中实施了丙烯酸叔丁酯(tBA)的RAFT自由基聚合。分子量测试表明,在高转化率(93%)下P(tBA)的分子量分布指数(Mw/Mn)小于1.1,且数均分子量与转化率成良好的线性关系,体现了可控/"活性"聚合的特征。