UHPC的轴拉性能与裂缝宽度控制能力研究

为研究3种类型超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,简称UHPC)的轴拉应力-应变曲线及其裂缝宽度控制能力,包括高应变强化UHPC、低应变强化UHPC和应变软化UHPC.采用轴拉试验方法测试狗骨头形试件,得到UHPC的轴拉应力-应变曲线和缝宽-应变曲线.试验结果表明:高应变强化UHPC和低应变强化UHPC的轴拉应力-应变曲线均包括弹性段、应变强化段和应变软化段,应变软化UHPC只有弹性段和应变软化段;UHPC应变强化段和应变软化段的转折点是裂缝缓慢扩展和迅速扩展的临界点;提高UHPC的极限拉伸应变,即延长其应变强化段,有助于提高其裂缝宽度控制能力;高应变强化UHPC拉伸应变在0.42%之前,其裂缝宽度均小于0.05 mm.对比C50混凝土(极限应变、极限强度分别为0.012%、2.3 MPa),高应变强化UHPC优异的裂缝宽度控制能力避免了结构设计中受正常使用状态裂缝宽度验算限制的影响,同时可在钢筋屈服前与其全程协同工作,这使得钢筋增强高应变强化UHPC在某些需要对裂缝宽度进行严格控制的结构类型中具有很高的应用价值.     

T形配筋应变强化UHPC梁弯曲破坏机理

为分析应变强化UHPC梁弯曲破坏时UHPC和钢筋应变间关系,对5根梁试件进行了三分点加荷纯弯试验,试件变化参数为配筋率和钢筋种类.绘制了钢筋与应变强化UHPC的荷载-挠度曲线,将T形梁破坏过程分成3个阶段:弹性阶段、裂缝发展阶段、持荷至破坏阶段进行分析.并绘制了钢筋与应变强化UHPC的荷载-应变曲线,深入分析了在整个受弯过程中钢筋与UHPC的协同工作性.同时,结合UHPC和钢筋的应力-应变关系,将加载过程分为4个阶段,定量分析每个阶段钢筋和UHPC对抗弯承载力的贡献度.结果表明:钢筋达到屈服应变之前,钢筋与UHPC粘结可靠,保持应变一致性而共同受力;整个受弯过程中,应变强化UHPC抗拉强度提供的抗力与钢筋提供的相比占据重要比例(低配筋率时更大),建议在进行应变强化UHPC截面承载力计算时,应充分考虑UHPC抗拉强度的作用,保证承载能力计算方法的准确性.     

高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料研究应用新进展

首先综述了以ECC为代表的高延性纤维水泥基复合材料的发展过程及其基本力学性能,包括在单轴拉伸作用下优异的应变硬化以及多缝开裂的性能、抗压性能以及在弯曲作用下较高应变性能.其次较为详细地介绍了钢筋ECC结构构件,包括弯曲构件、受剪构件、梁柱连接构件以及预制填充墙等在往复周期荷载作用下的性能研究进展.最后简要介绍了目前ECC在工程中的应用情况,提出了今后应开展的主要研究内容.     

Evaluation of Strain Hardening Parameters

The plane-strain compression test for three kinds of materials was carried out in atemperature range between room temperature and 400 ~C. The a- e curves and strain-hardeningrate at different temperatures were simulated and a reasonable fit to the experimental data wasobtained. A modified model created by data inference and computer simulation was developed todescribe the strain hardening at a large deformation, and the predicted strain hardening are in agood agreement with that observed in a large range of stress. The influences of different param-eters on strain hardening behaviour under large deformation were analysed. The temperatureincrease within the test temperatures for stainless steel 18/8 Ti results in dropping of flowstress and strain-hardening rate. For favourable r-fibre texture to obtain high r, the cold roll-ing was applied at large reduction. In the experimental procedure, the X-ray diffraction test wascarried out to compare the strain hardening and microstructure under large deformation for abcc steel (low carbon steel SS-1142). The results indicate that the high strain-hardening ratepossibly occurs when the primary slip plane {110} is parallel to the rolling plane and the strain-hardening rate decreases when lots of {110} plane rotate out from the orientation {110}//RP.     

Structural Ultrafine Grained Steels Obtained by Advanced Controlled Rolling

Steels with ultrafine grains (lower than 5 μm), which usually known as ultrafine ferrite or ultrafine grained materials, are presently the object of intense research, because of the improvement in resistance and fracture toughness they may reach compared to conventional steels (with grain sizes above this value). It is shown that the forenamed steels designated in the Euronorm EN 10149-2, which are manufactured by advanced techniques of controlled rolling and mainly used in automotive industry, have an ultrafine grain size in the range of 2.5 to 3.5 μm, and with elastic yield stresses higher than 400 MPa. Based on the Morrison-Miller criterion, it is shown that values of the strain-hardening coefficient lower than 0.08 would make the industrial application of these steels unfeasible.     

Tensile Properties of TWIP Steel at High Strain Rate

 Tensile tests of TWIP steels of two compositions are performed in the strain rate range of 10-5-103 s-1. Results indicate that steel 1# does not exhibit TWIP effect but deformation induced martensitic transformation appears only. There exists TWIP effect in steel 3#. Tensile properties at room temperature are sensitive to strain rate in the studied strain rate ranges. Analysis on the relationship between strain hardening exponent and strain rates shows that strain induced martensitic transformation and formation of twins during deformation have significant influence on their strain hardening behavior.     

Strength and strain-hardening enhancement by generating hard delta-ferrite in twinning-induced plasticity steel

ABSTRACT

A dual-phase (12?vol.% delta-ferrite?+?78?vol.% austenite) high manganese twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel was produced by hot rolled and annealing treatment. In comparison with the fully austenitic TWIP steel, both the yield and ultimate tensile strength of the dual-phase TWIP steel reinforced by hard delta-ferrite are significantly increased. It was found that the delta-ferrite in dual-phase steel exhibits a high hardness owing to the formed DO₃ structured intermetallic phase within ferrite. The presence of delta-ferrite dramatically improves the strain-hardening ability of TWIP steel. This is principally attributed to the effects of strain partitioning between hard delta-ferrite and softer austenite on the kinetics of deformation twinning and/or additional geometrical necessary dislocation (GND) during the deformation process.     

应变速率强化与应变强化的过程及其对比分析

本文用密栅云纹实验法显示和观测了具有应变速率强化效应与应变强化效应材料的应变产生、发展及传播过程,并对两种强化效应传播应变的能力进行了分析比较。     

高性能纤维增强混凝土受弯构件承载力

对高性能纤维增强混凝土的主要力学性能进行了分析研究,通过体现应变硬化和多裂缝特性的简易模型,建立了相应的应力应变关系,推导了高性能纤维增强混凝土受弯构件承载力公式.研究结果表明,应变硬化阶段和多裂缝性能对其构件的弯拉强度有很大的提高,其提高幅度随极限应变与初始开裂应变的比值增大而增加,同时在一定范围内压应变与初始开裂应变的比值也影响弯拉强度.