Oral and intestinal digestion of oligosaccharides as potential sweeteners: A systematic evaluation

The utilisation of oligosaccharides by oral microorganisms and intestinal enzymes are important factors in determining their effectiveness as alternative sweeteners. In this study, classes of naturally occurring sugars were assessed using in vitro models for oral and intestinal digestibility, in order to test the influence of chemical structure on functional properties. Amongst the classes of sucrose isomers, α-glucobioses, β-glucobioses and sucrose-based oligosaccharides, structures were identified that were not utilised by the common oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans, and would therefore contribute to the non-cariogenic potential of a sweetener. Analysis of the rate and products of digestion by a rat glucosidase mixture was used to determine the relative intestinal digestibility. The results showed that oligosaccharides containing a (1 → 6)-β-Glc group, including gentiobiose and gentiobiitol, together with melezitose, a sucrose-derived oligosaccharide containing a α-Glc-(1 → 3)-Fru moiety were resistant to digestion by both S. mutans and mammalian intestinal enzymes, highlighting their potential as dietary sugar substitutes.     

分子动力学模拟研究甜味感受机理

采用分子动力学模拟方法,对人工甜味受体C60(OH)20与3种单糖(葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖)、3种双糖(蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖)及甜味抑制剂Na-PMP的相互作用过程分别进行了研究。结果表明:甜味剂的甜度与其和C60(OH)20的结合能有关,在相同条件下,甜味剂的甜度越低,其与C60(OH)20的结合能越小;当Na-PMP与C60(OH)20摩尔比越大时,两者的结合能也越大。此外,C60(OH)20优先自发识别甜味抑制剂,甜味抑制剂与C60(OH)20形成氢键的同时也会与蔗糖分子形成氢键,从而导致了蔗糖分子与C60(OH)20的识别作用受阻,这在一定程度上解释了甜味抑制机理。     

新型天然低热甜味剂——非洲竹芋甜素

简述了 非洲竹 芋甜素的 结构、理 化性质、制取方法和安全 性, 并对它 在食品 中的应用 和发展进行了探讨。     

功能性甜味剂低聚木糖的研发

选用富含木聚糖的甘蔗渣为原料,利用木聚糖酶对其进行选择性降解制备功能性食品添加剂低聚木糖,并对其性质进行研究。结果表明:木聚糖酶对原料甘蔗渣进行酶解,底物专一性强,产品纯度高,外观质量为乳白色或淡黄色粉末,易溶于水,甜味纯正,风味宜人。产品具有良好的pH稳定性、热稳定性和优良的保存性能,可广泛应用于保健品、食品、饮品领域,特别适用于各种“文明病”患者、婴幼儿、老年人和亚健康人群,社会和经济效益明显。     

几种糖醇类甜味剂在调配型酸乳饮料中的应用研究

对几种糖醇类甜味剂在调配型酸乳饮料中的应用与蔗糖进行了对比研究，发现结晶麦芽糖醇、液体麦芽糖醇均可作为良好的蔗糖替代品生产无糖调配型酸乳饮料。     

应用响应面法优化无糖番茄鲜汁配方

为探究一种无糖番茄鲜汁的最佳配方,以加工番茄鲜汁为基质,采用单因素和响应面分析法,考察木糖醇添加量、罗汉果甜苷添加量和甜菊糖添加量对无糖番茄鲜汁感官评分的影响。在单因素试验基础上,通过响应面优化试验,得到最佳配方。结果表明,无糖番茄鲜汁最佳配方为:木糖醇添加量1%、罗汉果甜苷添加量0.004%、甜菊糖添加量0.002%,验证试验得到实际感官评分平均值为96.33±0.29分,与理论预测值相比,其相对误差约0.08%。经检测无糖番茄鲜汁的可溶性固形物含量5.6%、番茄红素含量6.29 mg/100 g;菌落总数、大肠菌群及致病菌检测结果均符合农业行业标准。试验结果为无糖番茄鲜汁工业化生产提供理论依据。     

甜味剂甘草酸的不同提取方法研究

根据甘草酸的物理化学性质制定了四种不同的提取方法,对其进行高效液相色谱分析。由进样峰面积测出甘草酸的含量,确定最佳提取方法。结果表明,氨:乙醇:水提酸沉法提取的甘草酸含量为最高,为工厂的大规模生产甘草酸提供理论依据。     

Sugar replacement in sweetened bakery goods

This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art concerning the application of natural and artificial high‐intensity sweeteners, fructans and bulking agents such as polyols as sugar replacers in sweet‐baked goods and their effects on product characteristics. The recent much publicised attention given to weight gain of the population and its consequences on the occurrence of diet‐related diseases in developed countries has influenced the food manufacturers attempts to provide the consumer with reduced energy products. The replacement of sucrose in sweet bakery products by alternative natural or artificial sweeteners can be a challenging issue. Sucrose as a main ingredient in sweet bakery products contributes, aside from providing sweetness, to numerous processing and product characteristics. Intense sweeteners have a high sweetness compared with sucrose but lack in their contribution to the body of the product, whereas the replacement of sucrose with bulking sweeteners may result in products with a similar body but a lack in taste and flavour.     

甜味剂中间体3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯丙烯醛的合成工艺优化及其结构表征

3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯丙烯醛,是合成新型高倍甜味剂爱德万甜(Advantame)的关键中间体。本文以强碱催化,使3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛和乙醛发生羟醛缩合反应,利用响应面法建立中间体得率与乙醛滴加时间、反应温度和NaOH浓度之间的数学模型,通过此模型确定中间体的最佳合成工艺参数,并采用紫外、红外、质谱和X射线衍射法(XRD)对中间体进行结构表征。结果表明:最佳工艺参数为乙醛滴加时间2 h、反应温度-5℃,NaOH浓度12%,在此条件下,中间体得率达61.28%±1.37%,与回归模型预测值64.75%基本相符。经紫外、红外、质谱和XRD光谱分析证实,合成产物即为甜味剂Advantame中间体3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯丙烯醛。     

无糖软儿梨含片生产工艺研究

对具有营养保健功能的无糖软儿梨含片的加工工艺进行了初步研究,结果表明,采用软儿梨浓缩膏6%、甜味剂75%(山梨糖醇:木糖醇:结晶麦芽糖醇为3∶0.5∶0.5)、低聚异麦芽糖18.5%、柠檬酸0.5%等基本原料配比,以50%乙醇溶液作润湿剂,0.5%硬脂酸镁作润滑剂,经混合、造粒、干燥、压片等工艺,制成了低糖、低热量、具有保健功能的无糖软儿梨含片.