适应空间需求的帐篷结构选型探讨

在一个帐篷的实体搭建中,通过团队的集思广益,趋利避害,择优选择出合理的结构形式。并通过默契的分工合作,按时完成了搭建。通过小活动展开了对实际项目的结构探讨,说明了工程尺度和建筑结构选择的密切关系。     

煤矿掘进巷道过断层带施工加固技术应用研究

阳泉集团新元矿31003工作面在掘进过程中揭露逆断层,由于巷道处于断层影响区域,该区域巷道的煤体顶板破碎严重,整体性较差,巷道冒落严重,通过对断层附近巷道采用锚网索＋29 U＂O＂型棚复合全封闭支护,并在此基础上,对断层破碎区域进行化学注浆加固。提高了巷道的支护强度及围岩的整体强度,防止冒顶的继续扩展,保证巷道顺利通过断层区域。     

On-Demand Post-Disaster Emergency Shelters

In post-disaster emergency shelter aid, various relief agencies and other actors with different backgrounds need to cooperate in a tremendously short amount of time and under very different circumstances. In this article, we describe a research project that develops and tests a new approach in which the demands for shelters in a specific situation are methodically connected with available, innovative and sustainable shelter solutions, a DSS （decision support system）. The DSS is a digital tool that translates the gathered evidence on needs, solutions and location including long-term effects of shelter provision into advice for the provision of sustainable, integral broader shelter solutions and designs. The outcome is a set of characteristics for a DSS for the provision of on-demand emergency shelters. A DSS that meets these characteristics leads to the provision of sustainable shelters that meet the needs of the users and, therefore, have higher performance in long term.     

洗消帐篷消除生物剂沾染的效果研究

采用大肠杆菌为测试样菌,研究了洗消帐篷的洗消时间、洗消流速、洗消水温对洗消效果的影响.在此基础上,判断各参数对洗消效率的影响发生显著变化的点.以这些点为基础建立三因素组合洗消试验,利用洗消结果建立了数学模型,据此得到常用洗消参数组合的洗消效率查询表,并结合消防实际工作情况,提出了最优化的洗消参数.     

单体柱π型钢替棚工艺在豫能矿的应用

通过对回采工作面上、下副巷超前强支护段替棚工艺的对比和分析,采用单体液压支柱配合π型钢梁取代传统的替棚工艺,提高了支护强度,降低了成本,加快了替棚和回收速度,保证了矿井安全生产,具有一定的借鉴价值。     

Design of humanitarian tents for use in cold climates

Extreme climatic risks pose significant challenges to displaced populations that often lack adequate shelter. Contemporary policy documents concerning emergency shelter reveal that the scope of shelter-associated risk is much wider than simply exposure to the elements and includes a significant social dimension. However, disparity exists between implicitly accepted risks described in aid agency literature and field practice. Experience in recent disaster assistance programmes in Kosovo and Afghanistan illustrates how ill equipped the aid community is to deal with cold weather affecting transitional settlements. A review of the environmental risks associated with living in tented accommodation in cold climates reveals the difficulty of providing thermal comfort and fire safety in both heated and unheated tents. In addition, social surveys and field trials with displaced populations in Afghanistan illustrate that shelter is used, perceived and valued differently according to the ethnic and cultural background of occupants, and that these are also factors that impact on the risks they bear. Several design recommendations and guides for the use of cold climate relief tents are made, whilst acknowledging that the provision of alternative, longer-term shelter provision during the phase of emergency response is nearly always preferable.     

相变材料与夜间自然通风改善帐篷室内热环境研究

针对帐篷热容小、热惰性低、储热能力差,常常导致帐篷内温度波动剧烈出现夏季室内温度比室外温度高,冬季室内温度比室外温度低的现象,提出将相变材料与夜间自然通风技术结合运用来改善帐篷的室内热环境。经过对比实验研究表明,在夏季炎热的气候条件下,帐篷采用相变材料能够有效地控制室内空气温度波动及温度上升,最大降低室内温度6.4℃,但会导致夜间室内温度比室外温度高;为防止上述现象出现,而采取夜间自然通风的方式能够较好的带走白天储存在相变材料中的热量,最大可降低室内空气温度2.5℃。     

越冬大棚番茄蒸腾速率变化规律及PLS模型

利用在湖北省鄂州节水示范基地获得的试验资料,对采用滴灌灌溉的越冬大棚番茄上中下3种叶位叶片蒸腾速率的变化规律进行了分析,得出它与主要气象因子之间存在复杂相关性.针对气象因子之间存在严重多重相关性(最大的方差膨胀因子VIPmax=86.46>10)、传统多元回归分析方法失效的情况,引入PLS(Partial Least-Squares Regression)方法,利用土壤温度、相对湿度、平均气温、大气压、蒸发、太阳辐射(日照)等气象因子建立了预测大棚番茄顶层蒸腾速率的偏最小二乘回归模型.预测结果精度很高,最大相对误差仅为0.48%.该模型具有较强的有效性,为通过常规气象数据推求大棚内作物需水规律提供了一种新的思路.