Sustainable biocarbon as an alternative of traditional fillers for poly(butylene terephthalate)-based composites: Thermo-oxidative aging and durability

Sustainable biocomposites have gained considerable interest as an alternative to conventional composites in recent years due to their cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance and durability behavior of biocomposites from sustainable biocarbon (BC) as compared to conventional established fillers. The poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and its composites reinforced with BC, talc, and glass fiber (GF) were prepared and the durability performances was investigated. The study showed that BC/PBT biocomposites provided a lighter weight alternative to traditionally used fillers. After undergoes thermo-oxidative aging, the mechanical properties of BC/PBT biocomposite were deteriorated. The GF/PBT showed the most stable in retaining its mechanical properties in comparison to the talc/PBT and BC/PBT. The aging behavior and mechanism of the PBT composites were discussed. This study provides further insight on the durability-related properties progression of biocomposites as compared to traditional used fillers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47722.     

一种环氧树脂阻尼灌封胶的热氧加速老化研究

研究了某种环氧树脂阻尼灌封胶在热氧老化的作用下分子结构、硬度、断面形貌以及动态力学性能随时间的变化．傅立叶红外光谱图表明，所制备的样品环氧基团反应比较完全，热氧老化后试样表面由仲胺和环氧基团形成的酯键发生了部分断裂和氧化；邵氏硬度的增加、瓦向高温区移动则表明在老化过程中复杂的固化反应仍然继续进行；最大损耗因子（tanδmax）波动较小表明试样老化后分子结构几乎保持不变；SEM图片显示试样的冲击断裂由老化前的韧性转变为老化后的脆性断裂．     

Microstructural properties,thermal insulation and thermal degradation behavior of boron-containing monolithic novolac xerogels

Enhancement of thermal stability-insulation performance of hyper porous materials is the premier issue to design of novel porous thermal protection systems. Boron-containing monolithic novolac xerogels (BCNXs) were synthesized using sol–gel networking of novolac resin with hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and boric acid at the solvent saturated vapor atmosphere (SSVA). The aim was to elucidate the effect of higher crosslinking density and thermal stable boron containing chemical bonds on the microstructure, thermal conductivity, and thermal oxidation stability of novolac xerogels. The results of FESEM and BET analysis showed that the microstructural characteristics of xerogels are significantly depend on the HMTA and boric acid concentration. The thermogravimetric results were analyzed using characteristic kinetic temperature (CKT)-characteristic kinetic temperature range (CKTR) approximations. The effect of micromorphology of xerogels on the thermal conductivity was investigated. The effective thermal conductivity of samples were in the range of 0.031–0.048 W/m K.     

The effect of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate on the thermo-oxidative ageing of poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber blends

The effect of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DOP) plasticizer on the degradation behaviour of 50/50 poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber (PVC/ENR) blend was studied by long-term exposure to ambient conditions (27–30°C) in the laboratory. While the unplasticized blend showed obvious changes in physical properties such as hardening, loss of elasticity and embrittlement, the plasticized blend retained its properties. Thermo-oxidative ageing studies were carried out by evaluating the mechanical properties before and after ageing in an air oven at 80°C for 168 h. The relatively rapid degradation of PVC/ENR blend has been attributed to the high concentration of epoxy groups and the occurrence of ring-opening reactions to form ether crosslinks. It was found that the plasticizer confers adequate stabilization upon the addition of a certain threshold amount. The optimum amount of plasticizer required to adequately stabilize the blend is 20 phr. Above this there is a tendency for plasticizer migration to occur. The use of an antioxidant in conjunction with the plasticizer further stabilizes the blend. The general trend is of decrease in mechanical and physical properties with increase in DOP concentration. In addition, ease of processing also increases as indicated by the torque maxima and minima obtained from the Brabender plastograms.     

膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫热氧化分解动力学研究

用非等温热重分析方法对膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫的热氧化分解特性进行了研究.样品在空气气氛下由10,℃/min、20,℃/min、40,℃/min和50,℃/min共4个升温速率从室温加热至800,℃.分别使用积分等转化率方法中的Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)和Kissinger-Akahir-Sunose(KAS)方法以及基于动力学补偿效应的恒定动力学参数方法(invariant kinetic parameter method,IKP)计算膨胀聚苯乙烯非等温热氧化分解的动力学参数.由等转化率方法得到的结果可认为膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫在空气气氛下主要为一步反应.FWO方法和KAS方法得到的平均活化能与IKP方法得到的活化能具有较好的一致性.由IKP方法和常用固相反应机理函数在不同升温速率下动力学参数的对应准则可确定膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫热氧化分解过程可由成核和核生长控制的机理函数(Avrami Eroféev方程)A1.7描述.     

硫化剂及填料对氯醚橡胶力学性能和老化性能的影响研究

研究了3种硫化剂——2,3-二巯基-喹喔啉(DNR-12A)、三巯基均三嗪(TCY)和亚乙基硫脲(NA-22)及3种填料——高耐磨炭黑(N330)、木质素-蒙脱土复合物填料(BL-MMT)和碱性木质素(lignin)对共聚型氯醚橡胶(ECO)硫化特性、交联密度、力学性能和老化性能的影响。结果表明,固定填料为N330时,用NA-22硫化的胶料的力学性能最好,但热氧老化性能最差;改变填料后NA-22硫化胶料的老化性能得到提高,固定硫化剂为NA-22时,以碱性lignin为填料的胶料的力学性能与热氧老化性能均最好,拉伸强度达15.5 MPa,断裂伸长率达394%,100%定伸应力达6.4 MPa,老化后拉伸强度保持率为103.2%。     

Temperature Limit of Inhibition of Thermo- oxidative Degradation of Polystyrene and Poly(methyl methacrylate) by Antioxidants

Abstract

Investigation has been made on the influence of aromatic and sterically hindered amines, sterically hindered phenols, S- and P-containing compounds on the thermo-oxidative degradation of PS and PMMA by a DSC method under oxygen. The oxidative degradation of antioxidants themselves has been studied under the identical conditions. The dependences of the temperature of the onset of degradation of the polymers on antioxidant concentrations have been obtained. It has been shown that the upper temperature limit of inhibition of the thermo-oxidative degradation of PS and PMMA by well-known effective antioxidants is in the range 280–295°C and depends insignificantly on the chemical structure of polymer. The suggestion was made that the value of the temperature limit of inhibition depends to a great extent on intensive oxidative decomposition of antioxidant itself.     

Thermal and Thermo-oxidative Degradation of Flame Retardant High Impact Polystyrene with Triphenyl Phosphate and Novolac Epoxy Resin

Thermal and thermo-oxidative decomposition and decomposition kinetics of flame retardant high impact polystyrene （HIPS） with triphenyl phosphate （TPP） and novolac type epoxy resin （NE） were characterized using thermo-gravimetric experiment. And the flammability was determined by limited oxygen indices （LOI）. The LOI results show that TPP and NE had a good synthetic effect on the flame retardancy of HIPS. Compared with pure HIPS, the LOI values of HIPS/NE and HIPS/TPP only increased by about 5%, and the LOI value of HIPS/TPP/NE reached 42.3%, nearly 23% above that of HIPS. All materials showed one main decomposition step, as radical HIPS scission predominated during anaerobic decomposition. TPP increased the activity energy effectively while NE affected the thermal-oxidative degradation more with the help of the char formation. With both TPP and NE, the materials could have a comparable good result of both thermal and thermal-oxidative degradation, which could contribute to their effect on the flame retardancy.     

受阻酚抗氧剂KY-616和JY-1520在顺丁橡胶中的应用研究

研究了对甲基苯酚-双环戊二烯-异丁基化树脂(KY-616)和4,6-二辛基硫代甲基邻甲酚(JY-1520)在顺丁橡胶中的抗热氧老化性能和耐抽提性能以及自身的热稳定性能。结果表明,抗氧剂KY-616在顺丁橡胶中的抗热氧老化性能及其自身热稳定性能均优于抗氧剂JY-1520,其在顺丁橡胶中的耐抽提性能略低于抗氧剂JY-1520。