Use of electron microscopy on microstructure characterization of high chromium cast irons

The physical metallurgy underlying the development of cast microstructures in abrasion resistant high chromium cast irons, and their structural modification by thermal treatments is relatively complex. Structural characterisation via electron microscopy therefore has a key role to play in furthering our understanding of the phase transformations that control the microstructures and hence the service performances of these irons as wear parts. This paper shows how both scanning and especially transmission electron microscopy can provide valuable information on the nature of eutectic and secondary carbides and on the matrix structures in these irons. Particular attention is given to current characterisation research on conventionally cast 30%Cr irons that are used for applications involving corrosive wear e.g. slurry pumps and on a semi-solid cast 27%Cr iron that has a potential for applications in industry.     

静态混合器对PP/MMT纳米复合材料微观形态的影响

以聚丙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料(PP／MMT)为原料，在单螺杆挤出装置上，通过连接Kenics静态混合器，研究了静态混合器对PP／MMT微观形态的影响，并用透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了MMT在PP中分散的形态。结果表明：通过Kenics静态混合器混合后，MMT在基体PP中的分散更加均匀，并出现明显的片层剥离；混沌混合是获取剥离型PP／MMT的有效手段。     

Effects of laser heat treatment on the fracture morphologies of X80 pipeline steel welded joints by stress corrosion

The surfaces of X80 pipeline steel welded joints were processed with a CO2 laser, and the effects of laser heat treatment （LHT） on H2S stress corrosion in the National Association of Corrosion Engineers （NACE） solution were analyzed by a slow strain rate test. The fracture morphologies and chemical components of corrosive products before and after LHT were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy, respectively, and the mechanism of LHT on stress corrosion cracking was discussed. Results showed that the fracture for welded joints was brittle in its original state, while it was transformed to a ductile fracture after LHT. The tendencies of hydrogen-induced corrosion were reduced, and the stress corrosion sensitivity index decreased from 35.2% to 25.3%, indicating that the stress corrosion resistance of X80 pipeline steel welded joints has been improved by LHT.     

Effects of coagulation bath temperature on structure and performance of poly （vinyl butyral） hollow fiber membranes via thermally induced phase separation

Poly （vinyl butyral） （PVB） hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS）. The effects of coagulation bath temperature （CBT） on the structure and performance of membranes were investigated in detail. The morphologies of the membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, the performances of water permeability, rejection, breaking strength and elongation were measured, respectively. The results indicate that all the membranes have the asymmetric morphology and the thickness of the skin layer decreases and the pore size of the outer layer increases with the increase of CBT. The permeability of membranes prepared at air gap 1.0 cm and take-up speed 0.253 m/s increases from 1.047×10-7 to 5.909×10-7 m3/（m2·s-kPa） with the CBT increasing from 20 ℃ to 40℃, and sharply increases to 35.226×10 7 m3/（m2.s.kPa）once the CBT arrives at 50 ℃. While the carbonic ink rejections have no significant decrease, totally exceed 98%, but that of acid-maleic acid copolymer greatly decreases with the increase of CBT. Both the breaking strength and elongation decrease with the increase of CBT.     

Ni基合金一碳化铬复合涂层抗磨损性能的研究

用真空熔烧的方法在钢的表面制得一层与钢基体有牢固冶金结合，厚度为1．0～1．5mm的Ni基自熔各金-碳化铬的复合涂层。应用扫描电子显微镜及X射线衍射仪等仪器对复合涂层的组织和结构进行了观察和分析；采用环块磨损试验机，在油润滑条件下，对不同碳化铬含量的复合涂层与组成的摩擦副进行了磨损试验。试验结果表明，复合涂层的耐磨性能均比作为对比试验的钢对钢的耐磨性能好：其磨损率随碳化铬含量增加而减少。与钢相比复合涂层磨损率减少约一个数量级。与钢对钢及单纯Ni基自熔合金溶层不同，复合涂层对钢的磨损率大致保持不变。在综合分析的基础上，也对复合涂层合理的碳化铬含量进行了计论。