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The subject of this study is to investigate the capability of spaceborne remote sensing data to predict ground concentrations of PM10 over the European Alpine region using satellite derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from the geostationary Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) and the polar-orbiting MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The spatial and temporal resolutions of these aerosol products (10 km and 2 measurements per day for MODIS, ∼ 25 km and observation intervals of 15 min for SEVIRI) permit an evaluation of PM estimation from space at different spatial and temporal scales. Different empirical linear relationships between coincident AOD and PM10 observations are evaluated at 13 ground-based PM measurement sites, with the assumption that aerosols are vertically homogeneously distributed below the planetary Boundary Layer Height (BLH). The BLH and Relative Humidity (RH) variability are assessed, as well as their impact on the parameterization. The BLH has a strong influence on the correlation of daily and hourly time series, whilst RH effects are less clear and smaller in magnitude. Despite its lower spatial resolution and AOD accuracy, SEVIRI shows higher correlations than MODIS (rSEV∼ 0.7, rMOD∼ 0.6) with regard to daily averaged PM10. Advantages from MODIS arise only at hourly time scales in mountainous locations but lower correlations were found for both sensors at this time scale (r∼ 0.45). Moreover, the fraction of days in 2008 with at least one satellite observation was 27% for SEVIRI and 17% for MODIS. These results suggest that the frequency of observations plays an important role in PM monitoring, while higher spatial resolution does not generally improve the PM estimation. Ground-based Sun Photometer (SP) measurements are used to validate the satellite-based AOD in the study region and to discuss the impact of aerosols' micro-physical properties in the empirical models. A lower error limit of 30 to 60% in the PM10 assessment from space is estimated in the study area as a result of AOD uncertainties, variability of aerosols properties and the heterogeneity of ground measurement sites. It is concluded that SEVIRI has a similar capacity to map PM as sensors on board polar-orbiting platforms, with the advantage of a higher number of observations. However, the accuracy represents a serious limitation to the applicability of satellites for ground PM mapping, especially in mountainous areas. 相似文献
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针对氩氧精炼冶炼过程中产生的喷溅现象,检测喷溅过程中炉体中的震动、音频、火焰图像等信息并进行融合。研究基于分步式滤波的多传感器系统数据融合算法,给出了理论推导过程。采用Kalman滤波融合算法实现了喷溅等级计量及预报。 相似文献
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AOD冶炼中,终点碳和终点温度的命中率是提高生产率和产品质量的关键。由初始温度,初始成分及补加合金量等原始数据,通过本模型可预报要达到目标终点碳所需要的脱碳时间以及相应的终点温度。本模型计算得到的终点碳与实际终点碳,在同等条件下,两者极为接近,可作为一般AOD冶炼中预报终点碳与脱碳时间关系之用。通过分级调整O2、Ar、N2气比例得到最佳脱碳效果,终点碳命中率可提高到98%以上,最高温度可以控制不超过1750℃,延长炉衬寿命。 相似文献
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2000年11月奥钢联从比利时ALZ获得将其不锈钢产能提高1倍、达到120万t/a的合同。介绍了相关设备及投产一年以来的运行结果。 相似文献
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The aerosol optical depth were retrieved using deep\|blue algorithm based on the GOCI data of 72 clear\|sky days in 2013 over the Yangtze River Delta,and then were validated by field data from two measured sites.The results show that the GOCI data can be used for inversion of land aerosols,and both sites show high accuracy.The fitting degree of Beichenlou station of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology is 0.659,and that of AERONET station is 0.747,which shows good agreement compared with MODIS aerosol products.At the same time,it is found that the aerosol products based on the GOCI data of the stationary satellite have the ability to monitor the diurnal variation of aerosol and provide the basis for the aerosol dynamic diffusion and the climate effect study.
相似文献
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为了改善不锈钢氩氧脱碳炉渣的稳定性,采用风淬法对不锈钢氩氧脱碳炉渣进行粒化试验,研究了炉渣碱度、改质剂、温度、风速和喷吹角度对其粒化效果的影响规律。结果表明,渣粒平均粒径随着碱度的降低先减小后逐渐增大,碱度为1.8时平均粒径达到最小值4.31 mm;添加氧化硼改质后,粒化渣平均粒径随着碱度的降低与改质前变化趋势相同,但整体减小;随着熔渣温度升高,粒化渣粒平均粒径增大;随着风速增大和喷吹角度减小,粒化渣粒平均粒径逐渐减小,在21.5 m/s风速下得到最小粒径3.67 mm,当喷吹角度为25°时达到最小粒径4.28 mm。 相似文献
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龙滩水电站安装9台700MW混流式机组,电站的运行条件十分苛刻:水头变幅大,从97m到179m,最大水头与最小头差值达82m,电站下游洪枯水位差值达40m,电站在系统中担任调频、调峰和事故备用,启动频繁。设计的水轮机转轮,必须具有良好的水头和负荷变化的适应性,稳定运行范围要宽广。龙滩水轮机转轮的设计和制造,在特大型机组中具有代表性,尤其是在工地制作700MW转轮,更居首次。转轮的设计和制造,由伏依特西门子水电设备公司负责,日前此项工作正在进行中,第一台转轮已组装焊接完毕,并进行了退火热处理。文章就龙滩水轮机转轮的水力设计、模型试验、转轮结构设计、转轮工地制造及转轮的最终验收,进行评述并提出一些建议。 相似文献
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探讨了0Cr12Ni6Mn16Si5形状记忆合金的工业化生产工艺,0Cr12Ni6Mn16Si5可以采用EF1+AOD+EF2进行冶炼.合金具有强的热敏感性和高温变形抗力,高温可加工热塑性温度区间比较窄,温度超过1*!100℃,塑性直线下降.铸锭的开锻温度为1*!080℃,终锻温度为900℃;锻造管坯只有采用挤压方法实施管材成型.挤压成型的毛管可以采用冷轧与冷拔相接合方法进一步加工成薄壁管. 相似文献