Obtaining shorter regular expressions from finite-state automata

We consider the use of state elimination to construct shorter regular expressions from finite-state automata (FAs). Although state elimination is an intuitive method for computing regular expressions from FAs, the resulting regular expressions are often very long and complicated. We examine the minimization of FAs to obtain shorter expressions first. Then, we introduce vertical chopping based on bridge states and horizontal chopping based on the structural properties of given FAs. We prove that we should not eliminate bridge states until we eliminate all non-bridge states to obtain shorter regular expressions. In addition, we suggest heuristics for state elimination that leads to shorter regular expressions based on vertical chopping and horizontal chopping.     

Assessment of Shear Forces on Bridge Abutments: Simplified Method

The conventional application of reduction factors to response spectrum analysis results is inappropriate for the abutment shear forces, which are based on elastic action. On the other hand, adopting the unreduced values from the elastic dynamic analysis does not achieve equilibrium among the abutment shear forces, deck inertia forces, and reduced pier forces. A simplified method is here proposed for the assessment of the shear on the abutments, documented by comparison with response spectrum and time history nonlinear analyses for several bridge configurations. For the analyzed configuration of the bridge with an internal movement joint, the response spectrum analysis underestimates the shear on the abutment for low values of the abutment flexibility and overestimates it when the stiffness of the abutments becomes higher than that of the piers. In all the case studies analyzed, the proposed method approximates the time history results better than the response spectrum.     

Behavior of a Semiintegral Bridge Abutment under Static and Temperature-Induced Cyclic Loading

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of semiintegral bridge abutments. Primary interests were to investigate (1) potential problems with the particular detail tested; (2) rotational characteristics of the semiintegral abutments; and (3) ability of the specimens to withstand cyclic loading induced by temperature variations during the expected life of the bridge. Sixteen experiments were conducted on three large-scale specimens. The results of the tests have shown that semiintegral abutments can significantly reduce the moments transferred from the superstructure to the foundation piles. Test results have also shown that semiintegral abutments can tolerate the number of displacement cycles that a bridge will experience during the course of its economic life.     

Service Load Effective Compression Flange Width in Fiber Reinforced Polymer Deck Systems Acting Compositely with Steel Stringers

This paper reports on the field study of a steel stringer-fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) deck composite bridge in Pennsylvania. The objective of the study is to assess the effective compression flange width in the FRP deck and floor systems when they act compositely with underlying steel girders at service conditions. The research results reported herein support the notion of employing a design approach, for both interior and exterior girders of a composite floor system, that is philosophically consistent with current practice related to steel girders acting compositely with concrete decking. It appears from the results presented herein that FRP decks and floors acting compositely with underlying steel girders exhibit an effective width that is close to the actual girder spacing for interior beams, and approximately one-half this value for exterior beams.     

支座对斜交桥桥墩抗震性能的影响

本文以市政桥梁中常见的20米跨径简支斜梁桥为例,通过空间有限元模型分析,探求不同支座形式和刚度对斜交桥桥墩地震响应的影响,对正确进行斜交桥的抗震设计提供了有意义的参考。     

Prediction of scouring around an arch-shaped bed sill using Neuro-Fuzzy model

In this study, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) has been used to model local scouring depth and pattern scouring around concave and convex arch shaped circular bed sills. The experimental part of this research study includes seven sets of laboratory test cases which were performed in an experimental flume under different flow conditions. A data set consists of 2754 data points of scouring depth were collected to use in the ANFIS model. The ratio of arch diameter, D, to flume width, W, is used as a non dimensional variables in all test cases. The results from ANFIS model were compared with the results of ANN model obtained by Homayoon et al. [24] and previously presented models. The results indicated that for D/W equal to 1 and 1.2, the ANFIS models produced a good performance for convex and concave bed sills. As a result, the ANFIS models can be used as an alternative to ANN for estimation of scour depth and scour pattern around a concave bed sill installed with a bridge pier.     

杭州湾跨海大桥钢管桩的涂层防护

杭州湾跨海大桥采用钢管桩沉桩基础。钢管桩的腐蚀问题采用涂层加阴极保护的防护体系,其中涂层部分采用单层/双层/三层重防腐环氧粉末喷涂防护方案解决。介绍了三种涂层结构及其用途。     

混凝土收缩徐变对系杆拱桥的影响分析

收缩徐变作为混凝土结构固有特性,随着时间地延伸,它会不断地变化[1]。尤其针对一些比较敏感的混凝土结构,如悬臂端、预应力混凝土连续梁等,其收缩徐变影响更为明显。本文以一工程实例为背景,利用有限元软件Midas进行桥梁模拟,通过对不同收缩徐变情况的探讨,得出混凝土收缩徐变对系杆拱桥的影响。     

动态法桥梁损伤检测与识别技术面临的挑战

动态法桥梁损伤检测与识别技术是近年来国际土木工程界研究的热点之一。在系统调研的基础上,分析和总结了该项技术在研究与应用过程中所面临的主要问题,同时对其下一步的研究工作提出了相关建议。     

拱桥拱肋钢管混凝土质量的超声波检测

工程检测实例表明钢管混凝土超声法检测是可行的，分析了钢管与混凝土胶结脱空的原因及防止措施。