汽轮机轴承烧瓦与轴颈的渗巴氏合金现象

简述轴承工作性质，巴氏合金应用与相组成的基本情况。论述汽轮机转子在两个电厂长期运行后，由于轴颈发生的不正常摩擦损伤，在大修改造中由无损检查、机械加工揭示出轴颈存在严重的渗巴氏合金现象，低熔点金属Sn、Sb与Cu向转子材料晶界的深层渗入最终导致了3根大型在投转子的严重开裂与报废。图11表2     

基于脆性势函数对复杂系统的脆性分析

本文主要是针对于存在于复杂系统中的脆性问题进行分析，给出了有关脆性问题方面的有关定义，在进行分析的过程中，我们采用的是突变理论的势函数来进行复杂系统的脆性分析的，此种方法是本文首次提出的，具有新颖性与创新性。     

燃油泵弹性薄元件断裂原因分析

从显微组织、断口形貌、原材料状态、加工工艺和装配等方面对燃油泵弹性薄元件在生产中常见的断裂原因进行了分析；并对其进行了工艺试验的对比分析。认为其失效模式主要与氢脆、回火脆及原材料组织状态有关。提出了预防措施。     

NMR investigation of atomic bonding properties in Al–Li alloys

It has been suggested that intrinsic ductile versus brittle properties of alloys be connected with bonding characters in some sense while there is no much proof. In this investigation, ²⁷Al isotropic metallic shifts of Al–Li solid solutions were measured by ²⁷Al NMR spectroscopy. Previously observed anomalous elastic properties upon Li alloying were found to be closely related to ²⁷Al metallic shifts which were associated with s electron density of states at the Fermi level on Al sites. This result is relevant for better understanding of electronic origin of solid solution strengthening mechanisms in Al–Li alloys from the point of view of electronic structure.     

Metallic glass–steel composite with improved compressive plasticity

A Zr_52.5Cu₁₈Ni_14.5Al₁₀Ti₅ bulk metallic glass toughened with a commercially available spring-shaped steel wire has been produced by centrifugal casting. The addition of the steel spring significantly affects shear band nucleation and propagation through the blockage, deflection and multiplication of shear bands at the glass–spring interface. As a result of the more homogeneous distribution of the plastic strain, the room temperature plasticity increases from 0.9% for the monolitic glass to about 4% for the glass–spring composite. Given the low volume fraction of the spring used in the composite (4.2 vol.%), these results demonstrate the extreme effectiveness of the steel spring for improving the plasticity of the metallic glass.     

Mechanical and fracture investigation of magnesia refractories with acoustic emission-based method

In this study, the fracture behaviour of magnesia, magnesia chrome and magnesia spinel (MgAl₂O₄ and FeAl₂O₄) refractories under wedge splitting test are qualitatively and quantitatively investigated with the acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC). First of all, the concepts of characteristic widths are proposed for estimating the brittleness of refractory materials according to the shape of load-displacement curve and validated by their good correlation with the characteristic length. Besides, the AE data are analyzed with AE parameter-based approaches and offer new insight into the fracture behaviour of refractory materials, including the classification of the cracking events in grains and in matrix, the distinction between the tensile mode and shear mode damage, and the visualization of the fracture process zone development. It confirms that the pre-existing micro-crack networks in refractories are favourable for the brittleness reduction, which enhance their nonlinear fracture behaviour and thermal shock resistance.     

基于岩石物理与矿物组成的页岩脆性评价新方法

泥页岩的脆性决定其压裂改造的效果,开展页岩的脆性评价研究,可为压裂设计提供技术支撑,压裂改造的效果对提高页岩产能意义重大。鄂尔多斯盆地东南部下寺湾地区延长组长7段张家滩页岩层系内大量发育粉砂质泥页岩条带,矿物组成复杂,岩性非均质性强,对页岩气产量影响显著。针对目前矿物脆性评价中存在的脆性矿物不明确的问题,为了明确复杂矿物组成对页岩脆性的影响,通过对21块样品(页岩15块,粉砂质泥页岩6块)分别开展页岩总有机碳、全岩矿物X-射线衍射和地层条件下的三轴压缩应力试验,系统分析矿物组成及岩石力学特征,并以实验结果为基础分析矿物与岩石物理参数表现的关系,定量模拟岩石弹性参数随矿物组分变化的特征,明确了石英和黄铁矿是张家滩页岩的脆性矿物,并提出基于岩石物理模型的陆相页岩矿物组分脆性评价新方法。以YY22井为例,应用矿物脆性评价方法,计算其页岩层段的矿物脆性指数,为高脆性有利压裂目的层的识别及增产方案设计提供了参数依据。     

Distributed damage creates flaw tolerance

A qualitative micromechanical fracture mechanics model is presented that shows how a structure that is sensitive to the presence of a single crack or hole can be rendered flaw tolerant by the presence of an interacting distribution of such flaws. The simple model was inspired by the ductile fracture experienced by the under-designed gusset plates recovered from the I-35W Bridge collapse and by the experimentally measured increase in toughness of concrete damaged by fire.     

钢的硼-铬-稀土共渗层脆性行为研究

研究了钢的B-Cr-RE共渗层和渗硼层的脆性行为,表明,B-Cr-RE共渗层脆性明显低于渗硼层,且沿渗层不同深度的脆性分布呈“浴盆”型.进行适当渗后热处理可以降低渗层脆性.同时,对铬及稀土元素降低渗层脆性的机理作了探讨.