Insights into low-carbon hydrogen production methods: Green,blue and aqua hydrogen

The primary aim of this study is to provide insights into different low-carbon hydrogen production methods. Low-carbon hydrogen includes green hydrogen (hydrogen from renewable electricity), blue hydrogen (hydrogen from fossil fuels with CO₂ emissions reduced by the use of Carbon Capture Use and Storage) and aqua hydrogen (hydrogen from fossil fuels via the new technology). Green hydrogen is an expensive strategy compared to fossil-based hydrogen. Blue hydrogen has some attractive features, but the CCUS technology is high cost and blue hydrogen is not inherently carbon free. Therefore, engineering scientists have been focusing on developing other low-cost and low-carbon hydrogen technology. A new economical technology to extract hydrogen from oil sands (natural bitumen) and oil fields with very low cost and without carbon emissions has been developed and commercialized in Western Canada. Aqua hydrogen is a term we have coined for production of hydrogen from this new hydrogen production technology. Aqua is a color halfway between green and blue and thus represents a form of hydrogen production that does not emit CO₂, like green hydrogen, yet is produced from fossil fuel energy, like blue hydrogen. Unlike CCUS, blue hydrogen, which is clearly compensatory with respect to carbon emissions as it captures, uses and stores produced CO₂, the new production method is transformative in that it does not emit CO₂ in the first place. In order to promote the development of the low-carbon hydrogen economy, the current challenges, future directions and policy recommendations of low-carbon hydrogen production methods including green hydrogen, blue hydrogen, and aqua hydrogen are investigated in the paper.     

大数据时代科技期刊出版面临的发展机遇与保密挑战

本文将在介绍大数据基本概念、特点及其价值的基础上,探讨大数据分析与传统数据分析的异同,研究大数据分析对科技期刊选题优化的支撑意义以及给科技期刊保密工作带来的挑战,提出加强科技期刊保密工作的建议。     

改性偶氮二甲酰胺/水复合发泡在硬质聚氨酯发泡中的应用研究

目的 通过偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)热分解反应释放出发泡用气体,用改性偶氮二甲酰胺/水复合发泡制备无卤素硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)。探讨改性偶氮二甲酰胺在聚氨酯发泡中的可行性。方法 通过改变体系中改性偶氮二甲酰胺的用量,探讨改性偶氮二甲酰胺对聚醚发泡体系黏度、聚氨酯泡沫力学性能和导热系数的影响。结果 发泡剂的加入能显著降低聚醚体系的黏度,提高发泡物料的流动性,随着改性AC用量的增加,体系黏度逐渐增加,当改性AC的添加量为0.3 g时,体系黏度最低为2 080 mPa.s。当改性AC用量为0.75 g时,聚氨酯泡沫的表观密度为78.65 kg/m³,压缩强度为539.35 kPa,改性AC的加入使得聚氨酯泡沫的导热系数增高,导热系数为0.023 51 W/mK。结论 改性AC的加入能显著提高硬质聚氨酯泡沫的压缩强度,相比纯水发泡,二者复合发泡性能更优异,可以作为无卤素发泡剂应用于聚氨酯发泡。     

eCRM 2.0 applications and trends: The use and perceptions of Greek tourism firms of social networks and intelligence

Although previous CRM studies treat eCRM as a synonymous with 1:1 communications and personalised service at an individual basis, web 2.0 further enables firms and users to generate customer value and build customer relations through social networking, co-learning, co-production and collaboration. The paper advocates the development of eCRM 2.0 strategies aiming at exploiting both the networking and social/customer intelligence of web 2.0 by integrating and engaging customers and communities along firms’ value chain operations. The usage and readiness of Greek tourism firms to embark on eCRM 2.0 strategies was examined by conducting an e-mail survey and focused groups with tourism professionals. Despite the low adoption rates of eCRM 2.0, respondents were aware and greatly concerned about the practical implications of this field, which in turn elucidated an agenda for future research studies.     

中国氧化铝工业面临的机遇和挑战

在深入分析世界氧化铝工业发展趋势的基础上,结合我国的铝土矿资源特点以及氧化铝工业的现状,指出了我国氧化铝工业所面临的新机遇和必须应对的严峻挑战,并对我国氧化铝工业为应对挑战所必须开展的研发工作进行了总结。     

Project management knowledge and skills for green construction: Overcoming challenges

A competent project manager is vital to project success. While many studies have examined competency of project managers, few have done so in the context of green construction. Therefore, this study aims to identify challenges faced by project managers who execute green construction projects and to determine the critical knowledge areas and skills that are necessary to respond to such challenges. Through literature review, surveys and interviews with project managers, this study will help establish a knowledge base for project managers to be competitive and to effectively execute sustainable projects.     

Review on Li-air batteries—Opportunities, limitations and perspective

Li-air batteries are potentially viable ultrahigh energy density chemical power sources, which could potentially offer specific energies up to ∼3000 Wh kg⁻¹ being rechargeable. The modern state of art and the challenges in the field of Li-air batteries are considered. Although their implementation holds the greatest promise in a number of applications ranging from portable electronics to electric vehicles, there are also impressive challenges in development of cathode materials and electrolyte systems of these batteries.     

Prognostics and Health Management of PEMFC – State of the art and remaining challenges

Fuel Cell systems (FC) represent a promising alternative energy source. However, even if this technology is close to being competitive, it is not ready for large scale industrial deployment: FC still must be optimized, particularly by increasing their limited lifespan. This involves a better understanding of wearing processes and requires emulating the behavior of the whole system. Furthermore, a new area of science and technology emerges: Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) appears to be of great interest to face the problems of health assessment and life prediction of FCs. According to this, the aim of this paper is to present the current state of the art on PHM of FCs, more precisely of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) stack. PHM discipline is described in order to depict the processing layers that allow early deviations detection, avoiding faults, deciding mitigation actions, and thereby increasing the useful life of FCs. On this basis, a taxonomy of existing works on PHM of PEMFC is given, highlighting open problems to be addressed. The whole enables getting a better understanding of remaining challenging issues in this area.     

新形势下中国与中亚油气合作面临的挑战和前景展望（增刊）

中亚地区油气资源丰富,中国与中亚国家的油气合作已近20年,合作成果丰硕。在油价持续低迷的情况下,中亚国家对能源策略和油气政策做出了相应调整。新形势下,中国与中亚油气合作面临着地缘政治形势更加复杂、大国博弈和竞争激烈、合作思路需要调整等多重挑战。在“一带一路”战略背景下,我国要全面推进与中亚国家的油气合作,并在此基础上进一步推动能源综合发展,实现与中亚国家的协同发展。     

Challenges and resilience in the lives of urban, multiracial adults: An instrument development study.

Multiracial Americans represent a rapidly growing population (Shih & Sanchez, 2009); however, very little is known about the types of challenges and resilience experienced by these individuals. To date, few psychological measures have been created specifically to investigate the experiences of multiracial people. This article describes 2 studies focused on the development and psychometric properties of the Multiracial Challenges and Resilience Scale (MCRS). The MCRS was developed using a nationwide Internet sample of urban, multiracial adults. Exploratory factor analyses revealed 4 Challenge factors (Others' Surprise and Disbelief Regarding Racial Heritage, Lack of Family Acceptance, Multiracial Discrimination, and Challenges With Racial Identity) and 2 Resilience factors (Appreciation of Human Differences and Multiracial Pride). A confirmatory factor analysis with data from a second sample provided support for the stability of this factor structure. The reliability and validity of the measure, implications of these findings, and suggestions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)