Ca-DTPA和Zn-DTPA交替使用降低~(238)Pu致大鼠骨肉瘤发生率的效果

本实验用 Ca-DTPA 和 Zn-DTPA 交替促排~(238)Pu,降低大鼠骨肉瘤的发生率,减少 DTPA 促排的副作用。对大鼠肌肉注射3.7×10~4Bq/kg(体重)~(238)Pu2小时后,交替(每隔一日)肌肉注射 Ca-DTPA 和 Zn-DTPA,共促排90天。实验结果表明,促排结束时,促排组骨肉瘤发生率为10%,而对照组为40%;促排46天后,促排组骨、肝和肾中~(238)Pu 滞留量明显低于对照组。     

磷酸异戊酯萃取U,Np,Pu性能的研究

测定磷酸异戊酯（ＴｉＡＰ）对Ｕ（Ⅵ）、Ｎｐ（Ⅳ）、Ｎｐ（Ⅴ）、Ｎｐ（Ⅵ）、Ｐｕ（Ⅳ）和Ｐｕ（Ⅲ）的萃取性能及对Ｔｈ（代替Ｐｕ）的萃取容量。研究了二乙三胺五乙酸（ＤＴＰＡ）络合剂对上述核素形成配合物的条件。结果表明，在用ＴＢＰ和ＴｉＡＰ作萃取剂时，可用ＤＴＰＡ络合Ｎｐ（Ⅵ）、Ｐｕ（Ⅲ）．从而改善乏燃料后处理中Ｕ产品对Ｎｐ、Ｐｕ和Ｐｕ产品对Ｎｐ的去污。     

液相法制备棒状Al2O3及Al2O3-ZrO2陶瓷复合粉体

采用二乙三胺五乙酸（DTPA）为配合剂,以简易的液相法合成出微纳米纤维状Al和Al-Zr前体,煅烧处理制备了棒状α-Al₂O₃和Al₂O₃-ZrO₂复合陶瓷粉体。同时研究了DPTA∶Al³⁺质量比、反应温度与时间对陶瓷粉体形态的影响。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、热分析（TG/DSC）以及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对粉体进行了表征。结果表明：较高的DTPA∶Al³⁺质量比以及较长的反应时间有利于制备高长径比的纤维棒状Al和Al-Zr配合物前体。合成纳米纤维状α-Al₂O₃和Al₂O₃-ZrO₂前体的最优条件是反应温度60℃,反应时间5.5h,DTPA∶Al³⁺比例为1.2∶1。相应地,该前体煅烧后可以制备出棒状α-Al₂O₃和Al₂O₃-ZrO₂复合陶瓷粉体。     

Dendrimer as nanocarrier for drug delivery

Dendrimers are novel three dimensional, hyperbranched globular nanopolymeric architectures. Attractive features like nanoscopic size, narrow polydispersity index, excellent control over molecular structure, availability of multiple functional groups at the periphery and cavities in the interior distinguish them amongst the available polymers. Applications of dendrimers in a large variety of fields have been explored. Drug delivery scientists are especially enthusiastic about possible utility of dendrimers as drug delivery tool. Terminal functionalities provide a platform for conjugation of the drug and targeting moieties. In addition, these peripheral functional groups can be employed to tailor-make the properties of dendrimers, enhancing their versatility. The present review highlights the contribution of dendrimers in the field of nanotechnology with intent to aid the researchers in exploring dendrimers in the field of drug delivery.     

二乙基三胺五乙酸浸取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定石灰性土壤中有效态铜锌铁锰

采用二乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)浸提石灰性土壤样品中有效态Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn后,样品溶液基体盐分较大,此时若直接采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)进行测定,极易使仪器的采样锥和截取锥发生堵塞,雾室和炬管积盐,进而影响测定准确性。据此,实验用DTPA浸提样品后,采用对样品溶液稀释10~30倍和在标准溶液系列中加入DTPA溶液进行基体匹配的方法以消除基体干扰,利用氦碰撞模式进行测定以消除多原子离子⁴⁰Ar¹⁶O对⁵⁶Fe的质谱干扰,最终实现了ICP-MS对石灰性土壤中有效态Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn的测定。对氦气流量进行了优化,并确定氦气流量为4.5mL/min。在优化的实验条件下,Cu、Zn的质量浓度为5~200ng/mL、Fe的质量浓度为100~3000ng/mL、Mn的质量浓度为30~1000ng/mL时,各元素质量浓度分别与其计数值呈线性关系,相关系数均不小于0.9998。方法检出限为0.003~0.01mg/kg。按照实验方法测定土壤有效态成分分析标准物质中的有效态Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn,测定值与认定值一致,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3%~3.1%。采用实验方法和标准方法HJ 804—2016(电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法)进行方法对照试验,二者测定值基本一致。     

Use of Polyaminocarboxylic Acids as Hydrophilic Masking Agents for Fission Products in Actinide Partitioning Processes

During the partitioning of trivalent actinides from High Active Raffinate (HAR) solutions, most processes have to cope with an undesirable co-extraction of some of the fission products. Four hydrophilic complexing agents of the group of polyaminocarboxylic acids, namely EDTA, HEDTA, DTPA, and CTDA were tested and compared for their ability to complex fission products in a simulated PUREX raffinate solution, thereby preventing their extraction into an organic solvent. Several solvents, based on TODGA and the DIAMEX reference molecule DMDOHEMA, that are commonly known to show quite high Zr and Pd co-extraction, were studied. Our investigations ultimately resulted in a substitution of oxalic acid and HEDTA by cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CDTA). A small addition of this hydrophilic complexing agent to the feed decreased the distribution ratios of Zr from 100 to <0.01. The suppression of Pd was also very effective, resulting in >90% of the metal retained in the feed solution. The extraction of trivalent actinides and lanthanides was not negatively affected by the presence of CDTA. Furthermore, experiments with high concentrations of Zr proved the applicability of this new masking agent. The suppression of Zr and Pd extraction was also verified at a high Pu loading which makes CDTA as a masking agent attractive for grouped actinide extraction processes (GANEX) as well as DIAMEX-SANEX type separations.     

Biodegradation of novel amino acid derivatives suitable for complexing agents in pulp bleaching applications

The biodegradability of four novel diethanolamine derivative complexing agents was examined by using two biodegradation tests standardised by OECD (301B and 301F). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) were employed as reference substances. Biodegradation of the new complexing agents was studied both with unacclimated and acclimated inocula as well as by simulating wastewater treatment in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). These new complexing agents were of technical grade, and therefore, the results are only indicative but these new compounds hold promise for use as complexing agents in the pulp and paper industry.The novel complexing agents were not readily biodegradable but they showed slight biodegradation. Around 10-30% degradation was found in the SBR where degradation was followed by measurement of concentration. Moreover the novel complexing agents did not have any negative impact on reactor performance as measured by chemical oxygen demand reduction. In the standardised biodegradation tests at best around 50% degradation was observed with the acclimated inoculum and in the prolonged test whereas EDTA and DTPA exhibited no biodegradation. The elevated degradation in acclimated sludge indicates that the water treatment plant microbes are capable of decomposing these molecules under favourable conditions. The total concentration of novel complexing agents decreased slightly during biodegradation tests, while the EDTA and DTPA concentrations remained stable.     

DTPA与铀、镎、钚的配位作用Ⅱ.DTPA存在时TBP萃取Np(Ⅳ)的动力学研究

研究了ＤＴＰＡ存在时ＴＢＰ萃取Ｎｐ（Ⅳ）动力学。研究结果表明，在镎的萃取、反萃过程中ＨＤＢＰ的存在使反应速率变慢；但当体系中含有常量铀时，铀与ＨＤＢＰ结合，提高了镎的萃取和反萃速率     

络合法去除油田硫酸钡的研究与应用

以二乙烯三胺五乙酸（DTPA）为螯合剂主剂,配以氢氧化钾中和至pH值为13,并添加一定量的无机盐,对重晶石粉末进行溶出研究。结果表明,在DTPA质量分数一定的情况下,由于溶液黏度影响,钾盐的助溶效果为钠盐的2倍;随着无机盐质量分数的增加,碳酸钾、氟化钾和氯化钾对重晶石的助溶效果相应增加,碳酸钾添加量为10%时,溶出率达到最高的47.79%;反应4 h时,由于重晶石结块导致反应面积增大,碳酸钾的助溶效果比氟化钾高10.56%;反应12 h时,反应趋于完全,由于盐效应影响反应终点,氟化钾的助溶效果比碳酸钾高12.39%;对DTPABa3-离子进行了计算机模拟,得到了其稳定构象,并分析了钡离子络合常数低的原因;最终将该螯合剂应用于某堵塞油井,并对返排液中的无机盐组分、硫酸盐沉淀组分进行了XRD分析,并在沉淀中检测出钡元素,证明油井解堵成功,应用良好。      

DTPA合成方法的研究

以氰化钠、甲醛及二乙烯三胺为原料在不同条件下合成DTPA，得到最佳反应条件。