预防HIV传播的药物

药物预防HIV传播是人类战胜HIV的重要手段。现将预防HIV感染药的研发现状，抗HIV药在预防母婴传播，暴露前后预防的研发和应用动态作一综述。     

Decision support for AIDS control programmes in Eastern Africa

The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) constitutes the worst hazard to health care systems in Eastern Africa. Misallocation of scarce resources of AIDS Control Programmes will unavoidably lead to additional infections and casualties. The following paper discusses a system dynamics model which allows to assess the impact of different interventions on a pattern population in Eastern Africa. It becomes obvious that short- and long-term consequences of these programmes differ significantly. The optimal allocation of resources, therefore, is highly complex and calls for decision support systems to sustain AIDS control programmes.     

A combination of differential equations and convolution in understanding the spread of an epidemic

Nonlinear dynamical method of projecting the transmission of an epidemic is accurate if the input parameters and initial value variables are reliable. Here, such a model is proposed for predicting an epidemic. A method to supplement two variables and two parameters for this proposed model is demonstrated through a robust statistical approach. The method described here worked well in case of three continuous distributions. Model predictions could be lower estimates due to under-reporting of disease cases. Anad hoc procedure with a technical note is provided in the appendix An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual conference of the Indian Society for Mathematical Modelling & Computer Simulation, Bangalore, November 14–15, 2002     

Introduction to the special series: HIV infection among drug abusers.

Drug users are particularly at risk for contracting the human immunodeficiency virus and serve as a major mechanism for spreading the virus to other sectors of the population. As a result drug abuse treatment and potential behavioral change strategies are primary public health issues. The purpose of this article is to review the contributions included in this special edition, which represent an effort to describe the most current thinking in the field with a blend of theoretical, review, and empirical articles. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Perceived employment barriers and their relation to workforce-entry intent among people with HIV/AIDS.

As treatments have improved health and quality of life for people with HIV/AIDS, many have contemplated workforce reentry. Workforce reentry rarely occurs among people with illness-related disability. The authors mailed a survey that included workforce-entry-related concerns to 1,991 HIV/AIDS clients. Factor analysis extracted 6 areas of concern (benefits loss, work-related health, job skills, discrimination, personal health care, workplace accommodation). Levels of concern generally increased with HIV acuity level and time since last worked. Work-related health concerns predicted consideration of workforce entry, and work-related health concerns and benefits-loss concerns predicted estimated time to return to work. Findings provide quantitative validation of intuitive categories of workforce-entry concerns among people with HIV/AIDS and suggest that concerns may shift with progress toward workforce entry. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

应用免疫策略对蒙脱石HIV DNA疫苗免疫作用的研究

目的运用Prime—Boost策略,研究蒙脱石(MMT)DAN疫苗对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法选用3H-TdR掺入法测定MMT和DNA联合免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖反应;采用ELISA试剂盒检测血清中的抗体和细胞因子。结果使用痘苗病毒和/或加入MMT加强免疫DNA疫苗后,均可以提高其体液和细胞免疫功能。结论“Prime-boost-boost”免疫方案在小动物模型中取得了较好的免疫效果。     

基于Agent动态加权二部无标度网络的异性HIV传播与政策调控模型

HIV的传播是个体的行为、疾病的干预措施和个体之间的社会网络协同演化的结果。提出了基于agent的动态加权二部无标度网络方法的异性HIV传播和干预仿真模型。二部网络中的女性人群根据高危行为不同分为普通人群和女性性工作者(Female Sex Workers,FSW),男性人群根据高危行为不同分为普通人群和女性性工作者客户(Clients of female sex worker,CSW)。给出了利用配置模型快速生成指数可调的异性二部无标度网络的生成算法,其根据异性二部网络中单位时间内性行为次数的分配算法确定二部网络中边的权值,构成二部加权无标度网络。网络中的伙伴关系有固定关系、偶然关系型和临时关系,二部网络中的边可随边的维持时间的结束而断开和重连,网络具有动态特性。个体/agent模型描述了个体高危行为、病程、个体社会结构与干预措施之间的相互影响关系。仿真实验分析了个体高危行为是否采用安全措施、是否参加自愿咨询检测和是否参加抗病毒治疗等干预措施对疾病传播的影响。     

表达HIV-1 Gag-Pol抗原的重组痘病毒的构建及免疫原性

目的构建稳定高效表达HIV-1Gag-Pol蛋白的重组痘病毒载体疫苗,并检测其体液免疫效果。方法将修饰型HIV-1Gag-Pol基因插入到痘病毒表达载体pSC11m2启动子P7·5下游,经与野生型痘病毒同源重组后,进行蓝白斑筛选。用筛选得到的重组病毒rM-GP转染HEK293细胞,经SDS-PAGE和Westernblot检测表达蛋白。用该重组病毒免疫BALB/c小鼠,并检测体液免疫应答。结果已筛选到稳定高效表达HIV-1Gag-Pol蛋白的重组痘病毒载体rM-GP,经Westernblot,在免疫小鼠血清中检测到抗HIV-1p24蛋白的特异性抗体。结论重组痘病毒载体rM-GP能稳定高效表达HIV-1Gag-Pol蛋白,并能引起有效的体液免疫应答。     

A Stress and Coping Model of Medication Adherence and Viral Load in HIV-Positive Men and Women on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART).

The authors tested a structural model that incorporated age, time since diagnosis, social support, coping, and negative mood as predictors of medication adherence and HIV viral load on 188 men and 134 women on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The authors used psychosocial latent factors formed from baseline measures to predict latent factors of adherence, as assessed by electronic monitoring and self-report, and viral load defined by indicators assessed over a 15-month period. Results from the model indicate that greater negative mood and lower social support are related to greater use of avoidance-oriented coping strategies. Use of these coping strategies by patients on HAART is related to poorer medication adherence and, subsequently, higher viral load. This model advances researchers' understanding of the contribution of psychosocial variables in predicting treatment adherence and disease progression in HIV-positive men and women. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)