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1.
Through improved synthesis process, resistance reduction effect of (K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 (KBT) doping in Y–Mn co-doped BaTiO3 (BT) lead free ceramics was investigated. By different doping methods (doping K2O, Bi2O3 and TiO2 or synthesized KBT), medium Curie temperature (around 130 °C) lead free BT ceramics were obtained with ultra-low resistivity (13.84 Ωcm) with a temperature maintaining process at 700 °C. In this contribution, effect of sintering process and doping methods is discussed in detail. 相似文献
2.
Biodegradation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons in aquifer columns amended with hydrogen peroxide and nitrate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The ability of indigenous microorganisms to degrade benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in laboratory scale flow-through aquifer columns was tested separately with hydrogen peroxide (110 mg/l) and nitrate (330 mg/l as NO3−) amendments to air-saturated influent nutrient solution. The continuous removal of individual components from all columns relative to the sterile controls provided evidence for biodegradation. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the indigeneous microorganisms degraded benzene and toluene (> 95%), meta- plus para-xylene (80%) and ortho-xylene (70%). Nitrate addition resulted in 90% removal of toluene and 25% removal of ortho-xylene. However, benzene, ethylbenzene, meta- and para-xylene concentrations were not significantly reduced after 42 days of operation. Following this experiment, low dissolved oxygen (< 1 mg/l) conditions were initiated with the nitrate-amended column influent in order to mimic contaminated groundwater conditions distal from a nutrient injection well. Toluene continued to be effectively degraded (> 90%), and more than 25% of the benzene, 40% of the ethylbenzene, 50% of the meta- plus para-xylenes and 60% of the ortho-xylene were removed after several months of operation. 相似文献
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Environmental contaminants such as trace elements may be present in all foods. Foods, raw materials and ingredients for food production are to an increasing extent traded across borders. Hence, there is a need for international legislation on trace elements as contaminants in food. In 1961, the FAO and WHO established the Codex Alimentarius to elaborate international food legislation. Contaminants in food are handled by the Codex Committee for Food Additives and Contaminants (CCFAC). The Codex Alimentarius system for developing legislation concerning trace elements as contaminants in food is based upon the Codex General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food (GSCTF). By October 2001, the principles for setting maximum limits (MLs) for contaminants in food are agreed, and work is in progress on MLs for trace elements such as lead and cadmium in the various food categories. The status for the proposals is presented and discussed. The EU Regulation 466/2001 of 8 March 2001 sets MLs for lead and cadmium in various foods. This regulation will apply from 5 April 2002. The EU regulation is more detailed but similar to the Codex draft standards for lead and cadmium in food. In future, legislators and administrators in the Codex and EU and analytical chemists will discuss how to use more and better analytical data as risk-management tools to protect public health. Trace elements' speciation is an important aspect of this discussion. 相似文献
4.
Pure phase of sillenite structure, Bi12TiO20, was directly synthesized using stoichiometric bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate and titanium glycolate by co-precipitation. The influence of pH on the structure of Bi12TiO20 was studied in the pH range of 3–10. The sillenite structure was characterized using XRD and FTIR. The photo-degradation reaction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was used to study photocatalytic activity of Bi12TiO20 as a function of the preparation pH. The rate of decomposition was followed by UV-vis and TOC. The beginning concentration of 4-NP, 44 ppm, decreased to less than 1 ppm within 30 min for all prepared catalysts. It was found that the decomposition rate constant of Bi12TiO20 is six times higher than those of either TiO2 or Bi2O3 under the same conditions. 相似文献
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Beatriz O. Hincapie Luis J. Garces Sinue Gomez Ruma Ghosh Steven L. Suib 《Catalysis Today》2005,110(3-4):323
Copper containing faujasite has been successfully prepared for the first time using a direct synthesis method. Faujasite type zeolite can be prepared in the presence of copper species by tuning the synthesis conditions. Ammonium hydroxide was used to form a copper complex that was later mixed with the reacting gel. Sodium is required to obtain copper faujasite. The complete elimination of sodium ions from the starting gel produces amorphous material. Crystallization took place at 358 K for 11 days. Crystallization temperature of 373 K produces ANA type zeolite as an impurity. Increasing by two times the amount of copper complex added to the reacting gel increases the crystallization time of Cu-FAU from 11 to 20 days (the crystallization rate decreases). The copper containing faujasite obtained was characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDX, EPR, FT-IR, TPR, and BET. According to the XRD pattern only FAU type zeolite was obtained. According to TPR experiments, the reduction temperature for Cu2+ ions present in Cu-FAU prepared by direct synthesis was 70 K more than for Cu-FAU prepared by ion-exchange. This difference can be due to the different location of the copper ions in the supercages or in the sodalite cages of the faujasite. 相似文献
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E. Ya. Davydov I. S. Gaponova T. V. Pokholok G. B. Pariiskii G. E. Zaikov 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,108(1):128-133
The features of initiation of free radical reactions in polymers by dimers of nitrogen dioxide are considered. The conversion of planar dimers into nitrosyl nitrate in the presence of amide groups of macromolecules has been revealed. Nitrosyl nitrate initiates radical reactions in oxidative primary process of electron transfer with formation of intermediate radical cations and nitric oxide. As a result of subsequent reactions, nitrogen‐containing radicals are produced. The dimer conversion has been exhibited by estimation of the oxyaminoxyl radical yield in characteristic reaction of p‐benzoquinone with nitrogen dioxide on addition of aromatic polyamide and polyvinylpyrrolidone to reacting system. The isomerization of planar dimers is efficient in their complexes with amide groups, as confirmed by ab initio calculations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献