浅谈984可编程序控制器在选煤厂集中控制中的应用特点

介绍了 984可编程序控制器在选煤厂集中控制系统中的应用及特点。     

Quantum PLC在水电厂现地控制单元改造中的应用

本文主要介绍水电厂现地控制单元的改造方案，详细介绍了Quantum系列PLC在功能实现和程序的编制上的应用技巧，现场实践证明该方案设计合理、运行稳定。     

Copper extraction into emulsion liquid membranes using LIX 984N-C®

The extraction of copper from aqueous sulfate media into ELMs using the extractant LIX 984N-C was studied. Appropriately characterized emulsions on the basis of viscosity and internal drop sizes were used to study the effect of different parameters on extraction. The effects of stirring speed, surfactant concentration, pH of the external continuous phase, carrier concentration, internal phase stripping acid concentration and initial copper concentration are reported. These results show that LIX 984N-C efficiently extracts copper at low pH values typical of leach solutions. It was found that LIX 984N-C could extract up to 80% copper from aqueous solutions at pH value of 1. Performance of LIX 984N-C was also compared with LIX 84 and LIX 84-I at different pH values. Results indicate that LIX 984N-C could open up new avenues for extraction of copper into ELMs, not only from dilute solutions, but also from sulfuric acid leach solutions.     

含锌、铜溶液萃取分离及锌的回收研究

采用Lix 984N对含杂质锌、砷、铁、锑的硫酸铜溶液进行了铜萃取分离和锌回收研究,解决了含多种杂质的硫酸铜溶液传统沉淀法存在的净化分离困难问题。研究结果表明,铜萃取分离采用3级萃取、1级洗涤和2级反萃,可得到锌、砷、铁、锑含量均低于2 mg/L的符合电积要求的硫酸铜溶液。萃余液采用Ca CO3预中和除去大部分砷、铁、锑,再用Na2CO3沉锌,得到含锌大于40%的高锌渣。     

电流对电渣重熔过程多场耦合行为和凝固参数影响的数值模拟

利用了FLUENT软件建立了电渣重熔(ESR)过程二维轴对称瞬态模型.使用有限体积法求解耦合的电磁场、动量和能量守恒方程,铸锭的凝固过程由焓-多孔介质模型处理,系统地研究了电流对电渣重熔GH984G凝固过程多场耦合行为和凝固参数的影响规律.模拟结果表明:电流由2.3kA增大为2.5kA,体系中电流密度、磁感应强度、洛伦...     

Degradation of Lix984N and its effect on interfacial emulsion

1 INTRODUCTION Interfacial cruds are supposed to be one of the commonest and most troublesome problems emerging out in practice of copper solvent extraction. Generally, interfacial cruds are inhomogeneous oil/water emulsions that consist of organic phase, aqueous phase and solid particles. It can lead to a lot of detrimental effects on plant operations including difficult phase disengagement, contaminated electrolytes, extractant loss, declined product quality and polluted environment. Lo…     

电渣重熔GH984G定向凝固组织CAFE法模拟

 电渣重熔凝固组织的控制直接关系到高温合金的品质与实际生产应用。针对电渣重熔GH984G的定向凝固过程,同时考虑传热和溶质扩散,基于CAFE法与C语言结合,建立了三维电渣重熔凝固过程组织演变的CAFE模型,并对凝固过程温度场和凝固组织演变进行模拟预测。结果表明,铸锭温度场和熔池深度都是首先为较浅平状态,然后不断加深至最后稳定;在电极熔化初始,金属熔池浅平,枝晶生长方向是竖直向上,之后金属熔池不断加深,底部竖直向上的柱状晶方向变为斜向上约26°。同时在铸锭的中心线上出现了等轴晶,等轴晶形核长大后与柱状晶镶嵌生长。此外,随着电极熔速变大,渣金界面上涨速度也随之变大,且熔池深度相应变宽变深。模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合,从而验证了模型与形核参数的适用性。     

LIX984对废蚀刻液中铜的萃取及反萃转型性能研究

针对现有氯化物体系废蚀刻液中铜难以电解回收利用的现状,本文采用LIX984作为萃取剂,探索其对废蚀刻液中的铜萃取及反萃转型研究,系统考察了萃取剂浓度、料液酸度、萃取时间等对铜萃取的影响,硫酸浓度、反萃时间等对铜反萃的影响,绘制萃取及反萃等温线并模拟多级逆流过程。研究表明：采用LIX984萃取铜时,为确保铜萃取回收率,应将废蚀刻液稀释至Cu浓度接近0.5 mol/L或以下。文中含Cu 131.24 g/L、Cl 231.6 g/L,pH=2.45的废蚀刻液稀释4倍后,可直接采用20 %(体积分数)的LIX984 按相比O/A=4:1,萃取时间10 min,萃取温度25 ℃,经过5级逆流萃取,Cu萃取率为97.1 %,Cl萃取率仅0.05 %。负载铜有机相采用200 g/L的硫酸溶液,按照相比O/A=6:1,反萃时间5 min,反萃温度25 ℃,经过7级逆流反萃,铜反萃率为98.62 %,并得到含Cu 47.16 g/L、Cl 0.18 g/L的硫酸铜反萃液,可直接用于电解回收,得到的金属铜达到国家标准GB/T467-1997 Cu-CATH2要求。     

Hydrometallurgical Process for Copper Recovery from Waste Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)

Present paper focuses on the selective recovery of copper from the enriched ground printed circuit boards (PCBs) using leaching and solvent extraction. The metal-enriched ground sample obtained from the beneficiation of the sized PCBs in a laboratory scale column type air separator contained mainly 49.3% Cu, 3.83% Fe, 1.51% Ni, 5.45% Sn, 4.71% Pb, and 1.85% Zn. The leaching of the enriched sample with 3.5 mol/L nitric acid dissolved 99% copper along with other metals at 323 K temperature and 120 g/L pulp density in 1 h time. The composition of the leach liquor with wash solution was found to be 42.11 g/L Cu, 2.12 g/L Fe, 4.02 g/L Pb, 1.58 g/L Zn, and 0.4 g/L Ni. The McCabe–Thiele plot indicated the requirements of three counter-current stages for maximum extraction of copper from the leach liquor at pH 1.5 using 30, 40, and 50% (v/v) LIX 984 N at the phase ratios (A/O) of 1:3, 1:2, and 1:1.5, respectively. The counter-current simulation studies show the selective extraction of 99.7% copper from the leach liquor feed of 1.5 pH in three stages with 50% LIX 984 N at A/O phase ratio of 1:1.5. The stripping of copper from the loaded organic with sulfuric acid produced copper sulfate solution from which copper metal/powder could be recovered by electrolysis/ hydrogen reduction.     

PC984-680可编程序控制器的应用

以美国ＭＯＤＩＣＯＮ公司的ＰＣ９８４－６８０可编程序控制器为例,系统地讲述了新疆独册子石化厂乙烯厂聚乙烯装置的实际应用。该可编程序控制器的控制功能包括：继电器、记时器、数学运算、数据传输等功能。通过这些指令的组合,可满足各种控制过程的需要,其内存可根据用户的使用情况及复杂程度而进行选择。该机既可单机使用,也支持冗余系统,在冗余系统中由主系统的热备模块监测系统故障,并在故障时由该模块在４８ｍｓ内启动