Enhancement of Flexural Design of Horizontally Curved Prestressed Bridges

In this paper, flexural behavior of horizontally curved prestressed (posttensioned) box bridges is studied by using three-dimensional and refined finite-element modeling and analysis. Bridge length, section geometry, and material properties are the same in all the models, while angle of curvature varies from 0 to 90°. The results of analysis show that in curved bridges, stress distribution is significantly different in comparison to straight bridges. Also, the level of stresses at some locations of section width is considerably high. It is proposed to vary the distribution of the prestressing tendons across section width in order to optimize the bridge capacity. Results show that by proper redistribution of prestressing in section width, significant reduction in resultant stress is possible.     

滁州市农贸市场超长预应力楼盖的设计分析

滁州市农贸市场超长预应力楼盖温度应力有限元分析及设计原则。     

Development of Mechanical Anchor for CFRP Tendons Using Integrated Sleeve

A durable and very efficient external strengthening system is achieved if steel tendons for posttensioning applications can be replaced with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons, and if reliable anchorage systems are developed. This paper presents a newly developed and simple-to-use, two-piece wedge anchorage for CFRP tendons with an integrated sleeve and a differential angle between barrel and wedge sections. Three longitudinal slits are cut into the one-piece wedge, with one slit open and the other two stopping 1 mm from the inner wedge hole. The integrated sleeve holds the wedge’s sections together during presetting and loading, resulting in a circumferential confined gripping of the CFRP tendon and optimized surface friction area. Therefore, the one-piece wedge differs from conventional wedge systems, where the wedges act separately with adjacent spaces, wedging the separate tendon sleeve in the longitudinal direction. Evaluation of the failure modes during testing was one of the main keys in achieving an increasingly better performance of the anchorage until the final anchorage was developed. The obtained failure modes are therefore described to enlighten the importance of addressing them when testing. The test setup used and measured behavior are described further together with the loading procedure. The anchorage reached the full capacity of the CFRP tendon and was seen to ensure a stable load of fracture.     

无粘结预应力混凝土的应用与前景

本文综述“八五”重点科技推广项目“无粘结预应力混凝土技术”的应用范例和推广前景，针对其“后张法”施工的工艺特点，结合JGJ／T92－93《无粘结预应力混凝土结构技术规程》，介绍构件的预应力计算、锚具配置、构造特点和混凝土浇筑的施工工艺，并对预应力筋的材料选用、处理和铺放以及现场浇筑施工、张拉设备的配备提供了可资借鉴的经验。     

Comparative Probabilistic Initial Bridge Load Rating Model

A model that applies to initial bridge load ratings based on allowable stress, load factor, and load and resistance factor design is presented. The prognostic component calculates bridge load ratings probabilistically considering random variables representative of load and resistance effects. The diagnostic component helps to point out the sensitivity rankings of these input parameters. Monte Carlo simulation and Bayesian networks are the tools employed in this bidirectional model. The model is applied to a beam in a prestressed concrete bridge at the beginning of its service life to demonstrate conclusions related to its applicability as a tool in areas related to bridge design and load rating.     

Detection of SCC on prestressing steel wire by the simultaneous use of electrochemical noise and acoustic emission measurements

Electrochemical voltage and current noise were measured simultaneously with acoustic emission (AE) measurements during the stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) of prestressing steel wire. Elongation of the specimens was also measured. Constant load tests were performed on specimens made from prestressing steel with a diameter of 3.2 mm: the central wire of a seven-wire strand was used. The specimens were exposed to diluted sodium thiocyanate (a modified version of the test as proposed in EN ISO 15630-3), with and without the addition of an organic corrosion inhibitor. EN was measured between the stressed central cold-drawn wire and the neighbouring wires which acted as reference electrodes for the electrochemical current and voltage measurements. AE was measured by two AE sensors fixed to the specimen.In order to characterize the SCC processes on the prestressing steel wire, the results of all the used techniques were analysed and compared. The effect of the inhibitor on these processes was also studied. A significantly longer time to failure was observed in the experiments with the added inhibitor. The results of the techniques, in combination with SEM and metallographic inspections, confirmed that the inhibitor had a specific influence on SCC. It was concluded that measurements of combined methods are promising for the reliable detection of SCC.     

Ductility and Cracking Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Beams Strengthened with Prestressed CFRP Sheets

This paper investigates the flexure of prestressed concrete beams strengthened with prestressed carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets, focusing on ductility and cracking behavior. Structural ductility of a beam strengthened with CFRP sheets is critical, considering the abrupt and brittle failure of CFRP sheets themselves. Cracking may also affect serviceability of a strengthened beam, and may be especially important for durability. Midscale prestressed concrete beams (L = 3.6?m) are constructed and a significant loss of prestress is simulated by reducing the reinforcement ratio to observe the strengthening effects. A nonlinear iterative analytical model, including tension of concrete, is developed and a nonlinear finite-element analysis is conducted to predict the flexural behavior of tested beams. The prestressed CFRP sheets result in less localized damage in the strengthened beam and the level of the prestress in the sheets significantly contributes to the ductility and cracking behavior of the strengthened beams. Consequently, the recommended level of prestress to the CFRP sheets is 20% of the ultimate design strain with adequate anchorages.     

预应力技术用于CFRD的探究

本文是受国际混凝土面板堆石坝协会主席马铁龙Bayard MaTeron先生之托而撰写。文中主要论述预应力技术应用于混凝土面板堆石坝（CFRD）,以预应力筋替代混凝土面板的部分钢筋,使其成为双向预应力钢筋混凝土面板,从而增强其抗裂性能,并减少面板的钢材用量。它将系统地介绍使用预应力筋的品种、替代钢筋的比例,预应力筋的布置,施加预应力方式及张拉防护措施等。     

点支式玻璃幕墙索桁架支承体系非线性振动

考虑温度变化及几何非线性影响,采用连续化理论导出点支式玻璃幕墙预应力自平衡索桁架支承体系非线性振动方程。通过Galerkin方法,将偏微分方程转化为常微分方程,并采用Lindstedt-Poincaré(L-P)法对常微分方程进行求解。结合工程实例讨论分析温度变化、振幅、初始张力、矢高等因素对点支式玻璃幕墙预应力自平衡索桁架支承体系非线性振动的影响。算例表明,预应力自平衡索桁架支承体系固有频率随着温度的升高而减小,具有较强的非线性,其自振频率随着振幅发生变化,其非线性振动呈现硬弹簧特性,非线性自振频率高于线性振动频率。     

等应力束技术的设计与施工

文章首先介绍了等应力束技术的工程背景及特点;然后结合东洋河大桥升级加固工程,介绍了等应力束技术设计中的关键技术如总体张拉工艺、纵向张拉设备、纵向张拉端、横向张拉设备及装置、预应力钢束的起弯点和落弯点处的构造等;介绍了应力束技术施工及施工过程中出现的问题和应对措施,如精确控制钢束张拉应力,单点张拉和双点张拉的差别,首孔横张顺序对预应力效果的影响等。