Coupling of free surface and groundwater flows

In this paper we present some preliminary results about the coupling of shallow water equations for free surface flows and Darcy equation for groundwater flows. A suitable set of interface conditions is discussed: the Beavers and Joseph formula for the bottom stress is used. An iterative algorithm to solve the coupled problem is proposed and some numerical results are presented.     

STI process steps for sub-quarter micron CMOS

This paper presents Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) process steps for sub-1/4 μ CMOS technologies. Dummy active areas, vertical trench sidewalls, excellent gap filling, counter mask etch step and CMP end point detection, have been used for a 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Electrical results obtained with a 5.5 nm gate oxide thickness show good isolation down to 0.3 μm spacing. Good transistor performances have been demonstrated.     

Shallow hydrogen-induced donor in monocrystalline silicon and quantum wires

Electrical and optical properties of bistable shallow donors in monocrystalline silicon, which are introduced by proton implantation followed by annealing at 450 °C, have been studied. The temperature dependences of equilibrium and non-equilibrium carrier concentration and relaxation kinetics were investigated. IR absorption lines of bistable shallow donor electronic excitations were detected. The obtained experimental data demonstrate that the bistable shallow donors can be identified as quantum wire defect nanoclusters.     

Excavation and support design of the Dicle–Kralkizi water tunnel: an overview

Tunneling projects have their uniqueness in terms of engineering problems. The expertise gained from analyzing these projects establishes a sound basis for future application. This paper conveys experiences gained during the construction and support of the design of the Dicle–Kralkizi water tunnel, Turkey. Tunnel stability problems including overbreaks and surface subsidence are evaluated. An analysis of the breakdowns, factors controlling advance rate and the overall performance of tunnel are covered. The accumulated information presented here is believed to be useful and reliable for a successful tunnel excavation in similar formations.     

一种新型桩基动测激振设备的研制

论述桩基承载力检测的新激振设备的设计，制作和安装，根据试验和对实际工程中桩基础的应用结果，表明该激振设备工作性能良好，使用方便，测试结果可靠。     

船舶辐射噪声远场空间指向性

为了获得浅海波导条件下船舶辐射噪声的远场空间指向性,提出了一种由水听器获得的船舶辐射噪声近场声压数据,推算其远场辐射声压的方法,即由近场声压数据,反演出船舶辐射噪声源模型中的多极子强度和位置,然后利用简正波理论,计算该反演参数所对应的远场指向性.仿真计算过程中,将该方法获得的远场指向性与原假设声源直接计算的远场指向性进行对比.结果表明,该方法能有效的计算出船舶辐射噪声的远场空间指向性.     

浅层断块油藏水平井CO_2吞吐增油技术

水平井是高尚堡浅层断块油藏的主要开采方式,在水平井开发过程中易形成边底水突进、水窜、水淹,油井含水上升速度快,导致油井产能下降,严重影响油田的开发效果。针对水平井开发后期产能下降的问题,采用了CO2吞吐增油技术。其主要技术原理为:在地层温度条件下CO2能快速溶于原油中,使原油膨胀,改变原油的物性,大幅度降低原油黏度,降低油水界面张力,增加溶解气驱的能量,进而达到油井增产的目的。34井次的现场应用结果证实,水平井单井日产油量由1.72t增加到4.88t,含水率由95.00%下降到51.45%,控水增油效果显著。     

碟形湖在鄱阳湖湿地生态系统的作用和意义

"碟形湖"是指鄱阳湖湖盆区内枯水季节显露于洲滩之中的季节性子湖泊,具有特殊的地貌特征和水文特性、复杂多变的湿地景观和丰富的生物多样性等特征.在碟形湖及其周边,湿生与水生植物群落有序分布、季节性演替;静水水域有利于底栖动物和鱼类生长育肥;缓慢下降的水位、逐渐伸展的泥滩为越冬候鸟持续提供丰富的食物和歇息环境,全湖80%以上的水鸟在碟形湖区域越冬.高低不一、分布广泛的碟形湖群有效地缓解了干旱、洪水灾害对鄱阳湖湿地生态系统的冲击,对于维护全球生态系统的完整性和生物多样性具有重要作用.最后提出了加强碟形湖保护和管理的对策.     

倒T型导管墙桩基防波堤循环承载力有限元分析

为考虑软土地基循环软化效应,通过二次开发将软土的循环强度嵌入大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS平台中,基于拟静力分析建立倒T型导管墙桩基防波堤结构稳定性计算模型。通过有限元法分析了结构在波浪荷载作用下的循环承载力,并探讨了土体循环软化效应对结构破坏模式产生的影响以及结构尺寸参数对循环承载力的影响。研究结果表明:考虑土体循环软化效应时倒T型导管墙桩基防波堤结构的循环承载力较不考虑土体循环软化效应时极限承载力明显降低,降低程度在28.72%~41.20%之间;考虑土体循环软化效应后,该结构破坏模式有可能发生改变,其破坏模式可能由桩身屈服引起结构失稳转化为土体强度不足导致结构破坏。     

A kinetic flux-vector splitting method for the shallow water magnetohydrodynamics

A kinetic flux-vector splitting (KFVS) scheme for the shallow water magnetohydrodynamic (SWMHD) equations in one- and two-space dimensions is formulated and applied. These equations model the dynamics of a thin layer of nearly incompressible and electrically conducting fluids for which the evolution is nearly two-dimensional with magnetic equilibrium in the third direction. The proposed numerical scheme is based on the direct splitting of macroscopic flux functions of the SWMHD equations. In two-space dimensions the scheme is derived in a usual dimensionally split manner; that is, the formulae for the fluxes can be used along each coordinate direction. The high-order resolution of the scheme is achieved by using a MUSCL-type initial reconstruction and Runge-Kutta time stepping method. Both one- and two-dimensional test computations are presented. For validation, the results of KFVS scheme are compared with those obtained from the space-time conservation element and solution element (CE/SE) method. The accuracy, efficiency and simplicity of the KFVS scheme demonstrate its potential in modeling SWMHD equations.