高强度二冷对高碳钢小方坯凝固组织和中心碳偏析的影响

试验了250A/5Hz电磁搅拌连铸150 mm×150 mm方坯时二冷比水量对0．64％-0．82％C钢铸坯冷却速度、凝固组织和中心碳偏析的影响。结果表明,当二冷比水量由0．83 L/kg增加至1．55 L/kg时,距铸坯边缘46 mm处的一次枝晶臂间距由380μm降至300μm,平均中心碳偏析指数由1．15降至1．10,同时等轴晶比例由45％降至40％,二次强冷工艺适合于小方坯连铸。     

镍基单晶高温合金一次枝晶间距的统计研究

采用籽晶法制备了3种[001]取向的镍基单晶高温合金。通过正方形估算法和直接测量法统计了合金不同凝固高度的一次枝晶间距。该方案消除了晶界和晶体学取向对一次枝晶间距的影响。随着凝固高度升高,3种合金的一次枝晶平均间距逐渐增大。两种统计方法的一次枝晶平均间距相近,说明两种方法的精度均较高。此外,3种合金的一次枝晶间距在较大的范围内变化,且呈正态分布。3种合金的一次枝晶间距上限是下限的5.4~8.5倍。     

汽车图象分割与车牌定位算法的研究

对智能车牌识别系统中经典的图象分割和定位算法分析以后,找出其存在的不足,在此基础上提出了纯背景位图相减和间隔采样投影汽车图象分割的改进方案,并设计了一种新的定位车牌的算法,从而提高图象处理的速度及定位的准确度,降级噪声信息对分割图象的干扰,提高了图象分割及定位的效果.     

防控车辆追尾智能技术

针对驾驶员控制安全车距所存在的致命弱点,提出并建立一种车辆智能测算前后相邻车辆间距的智能装置与方法,实时控制车辆前后合理车距,因此能够有效避免车辆追尾或被追尾事故的发生。该项技术装置模块化,算法识别周期短,经实用证实系统具有较高运行可靠性。     

Stresses between 3D fractures in infinite and layered elastic solids

Periodically distributed opening mode fractures are often found in layered sedimentary rocks. The stress analysis related to opening mode fractures in layered solids is solved by a new numerical approach combining (3D) fast Fourier transform with the theory of periodic eigenstrain and the conjugate gradient method. Results show that the fracture spacing to layer thickness ratio for embedded opening mode fractures, using a three-dimensional (3D) model, is in good comparison with that of the plane strain case (two-dimensional model). The critical value of the fracture spacing to layer thickness ratio increases for a stiff layer case and decreases for a stiff surrounding solid case. Out-of-plane fracture length is also studied as a parameter in the 3D modeling. Opening mode surface fractures in a layered half-space were also studied. The results show that a critical fracture saturation ratio exists for this case and occurs when the normal surface stress transitions from tensile to compressive. This stress state is shown to be caused by a bending effect in the layer.     

An investigation of handheld device use by older adults with age-related macular degeneration

This study investigates factors affecting handheld human - computer interaction (HCI) for older adults with Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). This is largely an uncharted territory, as empirical investigations of HCI concerning users with visual dysfunction and/or older adults have focused primarily on desktop computers. For this study, participants with AMD and visually healthy controls used a handheld computer to search, select and manipulate familiar playing card icons under varied icon set sizes, inter-icon spacing and auditory feedback conditions. While all participants demonstrated a high rate of task completion, linear regression revealed several relationships between task efficiency and the interface, user characteristics and ocular factors. Two ocular measures, severity of AMD and contrast sensitivity, were found to be highly predictive of efficiency. The outcomes of this work reveal that users with visual impairments can effectively interact with graphical user interfaces on small displays in the presence of low-cost, easily implemented design interventions. Furthermore, results demonstrate that the detrimental influence of AMD and contrast sensitivity on handheld technology interaction can be offset by such interventions. This study presents a rich data set and is intended to inspire future work characterizing and modeling the interactions of individuals with visual impairments with non-traditional information technology platforms and contexts.     

Performance of Rotating Spray Plate Sprinklers in Indoor Experiments

The use of rotating spray plate sprinklers (RSPS) can reduce the water and energy requirements in pressurized irrigation systems. Installation of RSPS in continuous move irrigation machines, such as traveling trailers (nozzle booms), presents relevant advantages compared to sprinkler-gun machines. The aim of this study is to develop design criteria for continuous-move irrigation machines using the RSPS Nelson Rotator R 3000 D-4. Water distribution by this RSPS was evaluated in an indoor facility under the following experimental conditions: 6.1, 7.0, and 7.8 mm nozzle diameters; 1.0 and 1.5 m nozzle height above the ground; and working pressures of 100, 150, and 200 kPa. The water distribution patterns were overlapped at 3 and 4 m distances, the simulated Christiansen uniformity coefficient averaged 91.8%, and the simulated average precipitation rate under the different experimental conditions ranged between 23 and 57?mm?h?1. These values are acceptable for a wide range of irrigation-machine applications.     

Chinese document layout analysis using an adaptive regrouping strategy

In document layout analysis, the defining conditions for textlines and text regions involve certain numerical parameters (e.g. inter-character spacing and inter-textline spacing) whose values can only be estimated when textlines and text regions have already been formed. This seemingly chicken-and-egg problem can be solved through an adaptive regrouping strategy, which consists of three operations. First, we group basic ingredients into preliminary textlines and text regions according to crude parametric values. Second, we refine our estimate of the parametric values based on the groups thus formed. Third, we form new groups by splitting and merging existing groups based on the newly estimated values. This paper applies the above strategy to Chinese documents whose complexity derives from the coexistence of horizontal and vertical textlines. Successful results are obtained using this approach. The accuracy rates for identifying text regions and textlines are above 98% in a test database consisting of over one thousand document samples and various layout structures.     

场限制环的安全环距设计原理

场限制环作为一种可与许多器件工艺相容的ＰＮ结终端得到了广泛应用。存在的一个问题是其效果随结构参数有过分敏感的变化。文中认为：作为设计指导思想的最佳环距原则是加重这一敏感性的重要原因。作为改进，提出了新的安全环距设计原则。按安全环距原则设计，除可明显缓解终端效果随结构参数敏感变化的问题外，还可有效地提高在同样结构和工艺条件下所制成器件的额定电压。     

Tribological behavior of boundary lubricated sliding surfaces using three different spacing of surface profiles

The ball-on-disk type sliding tests with boundary lubricated steels were carried out to verity the effect of initial spacing in surface profiles on wear and scuffing. Three kinds of surface spacing, which are closely related with initial surface micro-cracks on sliding surfaces, were produced onAISI 1045 steel surfaces using different grinding and polishing processes. Frictional forces and time to scuffing were measured, and the shape and amount of wear particles were analyzed to compare the with original surface profiles. From the tests, it was confirmed that the size of wear particles are related closely to the original spacing of the surface profile. The time to failure and amount of wear were sensitive to the surface spacing. The wider surface spacing shows much longer sliding life and smaller amount of wear than the others. Time to scuffing was increased with increasing surface profile spacing. The size of wear particles increased while the wear and wear rateK were decreased with an increase in surface spacing. After the sliding tests, surface cracks of inner parts of the wear track formed due to scuffing were observed and compared among the specimens having the different surface spacing.