Simultaneous determination of mycotoxin in commercial coffee

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that usually contaminate food products. Coffee is a natural product susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. The present study evaluates the presence of nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 Toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, aflatoxin B₁, aflatoxin B₂, aflatoxin G₁, aflatoxin G₂, fumonisin B₁, fumonisin B₂, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, enniatin A, enniatin A₁, enniatin B, enniatin B₁, and beauvericin in coffee samples, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results show that zearalenone was not present in any sample. In the positive samples the contents of fumonisins ranged from 58.62 to 537.45 μg/kg, emerging mycotoxins ranged from 0.10 to 3569.92 μg/kg, aflatoxins ranged from 0.25 to 13.12 μg/kg, and trichothecenes, excepting nivalenol, ranged from 5.70 to 325.68 μg/kg. Nivalenol presented the highest concentrations, from 0.40 to 25.86 mg/kg. Ochratoxin A ranged from 1.56 to 32.40 μg/kg, and five samples exceeded the maximum limit established by the European Commission.     

Natural occurrence of Fusarium toxins in peanut,sorghum and maize from Mysore (India)

Peanut, sorghum and maize samples were collected from the wholesale market in Mysore, India, over a period of one year (October 1984 to September 1985). The samples were analysed for the natural occurrence of T-2 toxin (T-2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and zearalenone by thin-layer chromatography, dermal toxicity test and gas chromatography. Of the total number of peanut samples analysed, 6.9% were positive for the toxic trichothecene(s) (T-2, up to 38.89 mg kg^?1; DAS, up to 2.03 mg kg^?1); 4.8% of total sorghum samples analysed contained T-2 up to 15 mg kg^?1. Zearalenone was not found in any of the samples tested, and no toxins were detected in any of the maize samples. Samples marketed during winter and summer periods were contaminated with the toxins. All the toxin-positive samples except one peanut sample were found in produce stored for more than a week.     

酚醛胺(T-31)环氧树脂固化剂之浅谈

介绍了酚醛胺(T-31)系列环氧固化剂及原料的现状和特点,并对酚醛胺(T-31)系列环氧固化剂进行了分代,阐述了第三代酚醛胺(T-31)系列环氧固化剂的系列化、专用化、高档化。预测和展望了2005年的需求和方向。     

4G通信技术的FPGA远程更新系统设计

为了解决在恶劣环境、偏远地区等特殊场合的FPGA远程更新问题,提出了一种基于4G无线通信技术的FPGA远程更新系统设计方法。应用4G无线通信模块实现了更新控制器的通信组网,远程控制器通过4G网络与更新控制器建立通信连接,下发控制命令实现FPGA的远程更新。通过实际测试验证了新方法的可行性、正确性,有效弥补了传统更新方法布线复杂、效率低、距离短等不足,提高了设备维护效率、降低了维护成本,对工程应用具有重大意义。     

Influence of inoculum and climatic factors on the severity of Fusarium head blight in German spring and winter barley

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of small cereals is a disease of global importance with regard to economic losses and mycotoxin contamination harmful to human and animal health. In Germany, FHB is predominantly associated with wheat and F. graminearum is recognised as the major causal agent of the disease, but little is known about FHB of barley. Monitoring of the natural occurrence of FHB on Bavarian barley revealed differences for individual Fusarium spp. in incidence and severity of grain infection between years and between spring and winter barley. Parallel measurement of fungal DNA content in grain and mycotoxin content suggested the importance of F. graminearum in winter barley and of F. langsethiae in spring barley for FHB. The infection success of these two species was associated with certain weather conditions and barley flowering time. Inoculation experiments in the field revealed different effects of five Fusarium spp. on symptom formation, grain yield and mycotoxin production. A significant association between fungal infection of grain and mycotoxin content was observed following natural or artificial infection with the type B trichothecene producer F. culmorum, but not with the type A trichothecene-producing species F. langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides. Trichothecene type A toxin contamination also occurred in the absence of significant damage to grain and did not necessarily promote fungal colonisation.     

某复杂铜铅锌多金属硫化矿选矿试验研究

根据某铜铅锌矿矿石中铜、铅、锌等硫化矿物嵌布关系复杂、嵌布粒度极不均匀的特点,采用"铜铅混合浮选—混合精矿再磨—铜铅分离—混合浮选尾矿选锌"的工艺流程及合理的药剂制度,闭路试验获得良好的铜、铅、锌选矿技术指标,同时,矿石中的伴生银也得到了较好回收,铜、铅、锌及银的回收率分别达到65.98%、88.83%、85.31%、84.98%。     

Environmentally considerate ester lubricants for the automotive and engineering industries

Concern at the amount of lubricants lost in the environment has prompted the search for environmentally considerate lubricants, i.e. lubricants which biodegrade as a result of the biological action of living organisms. Various test procedures and parameters are discussed, and the performance of various lubricants, including synthetics, is presented.     

T形接头细丝埋弧自动焊工艺的研究及应用

针对整体节点钢桥桁梁对T形对接接头的焊接质量的高要求，研究推荐了一种细丝埋弧自动焊的工艺方法。与常用的手工电弧焊工艺相比，其焊缝成形美观、质量优良，焊接生产效率高，已成功地应用于钢梁焊接制造中。     

卷取温度对超低碳T-3CA第二相析出的影响

 为研究卷取温度对超低碳T-3 CA中第二相粒子析出行为的影响,采用金相、TEM等检测手段,分析了580、630、680 ℃ 3个典型卷取温度下超低碳T 3 CA中第二相粒子的析出特性,结果发现卷取温度越高,热轧形成的TiC粒子尺寸越粗大,分布越稀疏。结合相关动力学计算分析了卷取温度对TiC粒子沉淀析出时临界晶核尺寸、相对形核率、相对沉淀析出时间的影响。结果表明,随着卷取温度由580提高到680 ℃,TiC粒子沉淀析出时临界晶核尺寸增大约1.0 nm,相对形核率降低约1.0个数量级,相对沉淀析出孕育时间增大约0.8个数量级。     

A novel low-latency DRAM based on the bitline-discharge rate

As well known by computer architects, the performance gap between the processor and the memory has been increasing over the years. This causes what is known as the memory wall. In order to alleviate the problem, a novel fast readout scheme is proposed in this article for the single-transistor single-capacitor dynamic random-access memory (1T-1C DRAM) cells. The proposed scheme works in the current domain in which the difference between the discharging rates of the bitline in the cases of ‘1’ and ‘0’ readings is detected. The proposed scheme is analysed quantitatively and compared with the conventional readout scheme. It is verified by simulation adopting the 45 nm CMOS Berkley predictive-technology model (BPTM) and shows 44 and 7.7% reductions in the average read-access and cycle times, respectively, as compared to the conventional readout scheme. It is also shown that the power is saved according to the proposed scheme if the probability of occurrence of ‘0’ storage exceeds 66.7%. This minimum value can be alleviated, however, at the expense of a smaller saving in the average read-access time. The impacts of process variations and technology scaling are also taken into account.