CO2 capture enhancement by forming tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide semiclathrate in graphite nanofluids

In this work, CO₂ capture was experimentally investigated by forming tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) semiclathrate in a new system of TBAB + graphite nanofluids. The experiments were carried out at 3.5 MPa and 277.15 K. Compared to the TBAB solution and the TBAB + sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) solution, it was found that the system of TBAB + graphite nanofluids was preferable for CO₂ capture, and 0.2 wt.% graphite nanoparticles (GNP) was an optimal concentration for the enhancement of hydrate growth in TBAB + graphite nanofluids. At this GNP concentration, CO₂ consumption gained at 0.29 mol% TBAB is greater than that acquired at 0.62 and 2.57 mol% TBAB. CO₂ consumption obtained in TBAB + graphite nanofluids is larger than other systems containing GNP. Moreover, the morphologies of TBAB + CO₂ semiclathrate formed in TBAB solution, TBAB + SDS solution, and TBAB + graphite nanofluids were presented, and the mechanism of CO₂ capture using TBAB semiclathrate formation in graphite nanofluids was presented. Therefore, it is an efficient way to capture CO₂ by forming TBAB semiclathrate in graphite nanofluids.     

超声波相转移催化苯乙腈的环丙烷化反应

以苯乙腈,1,2-二溴乙烷为原料,四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,氢氧化钾为碱性试剂,在超声波作用下实现了苯乙腈的环丙烷化反应。以苯乙腈12 mmol为模型,考查了超声频率、溶剂种类、溶剂用量、氢氧化钾用量、时间对反应的影响。研究结果表明,最佳反应条件为40 k Hz下、甲苯做溶剂、溶剂用量20 m L、氢氧化钾与苯乙腈摩尔比为10∶1、反应4 h。反应转化率达97.9%,选择性为96.2%,收率达94.2%。     

TBAB和CP双添加剂水合物法分离烟气中的CO2

在四正丁基溴化铵（TBAB）和环戊烷（CP）双添加剂体系下进行了一级水合物法分离烟气中CO2的研究。对比了纯体系和双添加剂体系对水合物生成过程及分离效果的影响。获得了合适的操作条件（温度276.15 K,压力2.0～3.3 MPa）、初始液气比（0.78）、添加剂浓度（CP体积分数为0.6%）。在合适条件下,双添加剂体系相比纯TBAB体系水合过程的载气量达至1.5～2.0倍,剩余气相中CO2摩尔分数由17%降至7%,去除率由40%～50%上升到60%～70%。实验表明,双添加剂体系在水合物法CO2分离技术的分离效果及节能方面存在潜力,为工业化水合物法净化烟气提供了参考和标准。     

Kinetics of the removal of mono-chlorobenzene vapour from waste gases using a trickle bed air biofilter

The performance of a trickle bed air biofilter (TBAB) in the removal of mono-chlorobenzene (MCB) was evaluated in concentrations varying from 0.133 to 7.187 g m(-3) and at empty bed residence time (EBRT) varying from 37.7 to 188.52 s. More than 90% removal efficiency in the trickle bed air biofilter was achieved for the inlet MCB concentration up to 1.069 g m(-3) and EBRT less than 94.26 s. The trickle bed air biofilter was constructed with coal packing material, inoculated with a mixed consortium of activated sludge obtained from sewage treatment plant. The continuous performance of the removal of MCB in the trickle bed air biofilter was monitored for various gas concentrations, gas flow rates, and empty bed residence time. The experiment was conducted for a period of 75 days. The trickle bed air biofilter degrading MCB with an average elimination capacity of 80 g m(-3) h(-1) was obtained. The effect of starvation was also studied. After starvation period of 8 days, the degradation was low but recovered within a short period of time. Using macrokinetic determination method, the Michaelis-Menten kinetic constant K(m) and maximum reaction rate, r(max) evaluated as 0.121 g m(-3) s(-1) and 7.45 g m(-3), respectively.     

水合物核磁共振响应特征实验研究

研究冻土区天然气水合物核磁共振（NMR）响应特征对冻土层结构划分及水合物储层识别具有重要意义。为此，设计实验研究了四丁基溴化铵（TBAB）水合物形成和分解过程中实验样本的NMR信号变化规律，为天然气水合物研究提供参考。实验数据表明，水合物样本冻融过程中NMR信号横向弛豫（T₂）时间谱含三个明显波峰，即主峰、次峰、附峰，分别源于自由水、结合水及水溶有机质中的H核。波峰的分布、幅值、面积及变化规律，可作为研究水合物样本物化态变化过程的依据，尤其是次峰和附峰的显著程度是判断水合物存在及表征其含量的直接证据。将TBAB水合物的分解过程分为分散期、分解期和稳定期三个阶段，推导建立了水合物样本NMR信号与温度、时间的关系式，可作为定量分析水合物含量和存储条件的依据。     

生物滴滤池净化氨氮和味精厂废气的研究

报道了采用以沸石为填料的生物滴滤池净化处理氨氮臭气和味精厂恶臭废气的试验结果,研究表明,净化氨氮生物滴滤池的挂膜与生物驯化,可通过城市污水厂污泥接种、活性污泥挂膜、低浓度氨氮气体直流通气驯化的方式获得良好的效果．在此基础上,加入特定菌液能较快地培养出适宜处理味精厂恶臭废气的微生物种群,且能获得较满意的净化效果．以沸石为填料的生物滴滤池均能较好地应用于净化处理氨氮臭气和味精厂恶臭废气,进气氨氮浓度小于300mg／m^3时,其脱臭率始终大于95％．味精厂高强度恶臭废气在进气量小于3．0m^3／h时,系统除臭效果好,这为解决味精厂等恶臭废气的污染问题提供了新的方法,具有很好的市场应用前景．     

Nafion膜对多硫化钠/溴电池性能的影响

在单电池中用充电-放电循环测试方法研究了不同厚度Nafion膜对多硫化钠/溴单电池效率及电池负极液中的多硫(Sx 12-)及硫氢根离子(H S-)向正极溶液中扩散(即透硫率)的影响。结果表明:随着膜厚度的增加,电池的库仑效率升高,膜的透硫率及电压效率降低。用四丁基溴化胺(TBA B)对N afion112膜进行了初步改性处理,显著提高了电池的库仑效率,减少了膜的透硫率,但由于改性膜电阻的增加,致使电池电压效率下降。     

相转移催化法合成N-苯甲酰基己内酰胺

四丁基溴化铵 ( TBAB)为相转移催化剂、环己烷为溶剂 ,用己内酰胺和苯甲酰氯合成了 N-苯甲酰基己内酰胺。通过正交实验选择了反应最佳条件是 :TBAB、无水碳酸钾为催化剂 ,反应温度 0～ 5°C,反应时间为 5h,产率大于 80 %。     

提高IGCC合成气水合物形成速度及提纯其中H2的工艺

引言 化石燃料燃烧释放的二氧化碳气体已经被证明是导致全球气温升高和气候变化的主要温室气体.火力发电厂制造的二氧化碳气体约占全球每年产生的二氧化碳的总量的1/3.二氧化碳分离主要有3种途径:燃前除碳(pre-combustion de-carbonization),富氧燃烧以及燃后工序中从烟气中分离二氧化碳.二氧化碳气在电厂中的分离捕集可以在烟气中(燃后捕集)和IGCC工艺(燃前捕集)中实现.