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排序方式: 共有2159条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Junjie Li Mei Liang Wanjing Cheng Shuhao Wang 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(14):9553-9566
Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered a promising alternative to conventional vehicles (CVs) to alleviate the oil crisis and reduce urban air pollution and carbon emissions. Consumers usually focus on the tangible cost when choosing an EV or CV but overlook the time cost for restricting purchase or driving and the environmental cost from gas emissions, falling to have a comprehensive understanding of the economic competitiveness of CVs and EVs. In this study, a life cycle cost model for vehicles is conducted to express traffic and environmental policies in monetary terms, which are called intangible cost and external cost, respectively. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), and CVs are compared in four first-tier, four new first-tier, and 4 s-tier and below cities in China. The comparison shows that BEVs and FCEVs in most cities are incomparable with CVs in terms of tangible cost. However, the prominent traffic and environmental policies in first-tier cities, especially in Beijing and Shanghai, greatly increase the intangible and external costs of CVs, making consumers more inclined to purchase BEVs and FCEVs. The main policy benefits of BEVs and FCEVs come from three aspects: government subsidies, purchase and driving restrictions, and environmental taxes. With the predictable reduction in government subsidies, traffic and environmental policies present important factors influencing the competitiveness of BEVs and FCEVs. In first-tier cities, BEVs and FCEVs already have a competitive foundation for large-scale promotion. In new first-tier and second-tier and below cities, stricter traffic and environmental policies need to be formulated to offset the negative impact of the reduction in government subsidies on the competitiveness of BEVs and FCEVs. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis reveals that increasing the mileage and reducing fuel prices can significantly improve the competitiveness of BEVs and FCEVs, respectively. 相似文献
2.
The recent trend of integration among new network services such as the long-term evolution (LTE) based on internet protocol (IP) needs reputable analyses and prediction information on the internet traffic. The IP along with increased internet traffics due to expanding new service platforms such as smartphones will reflect policies such as network QoS according to new services. The establishment of monitoring methods and analysis plans is thus required for the development of internet traffics that will analyze their status and predict their future. The paper with the speed of Internet traffic model is developed for monitoring the state of the experiment and verified. The problem is that the proposed service Internet service provider (ISP) to resolve the conflict between the occurrences can be considerably Internet traffic and that the state of data may be helpful in understanding. The paper advancement policy to reflect the network traffic volume of Internet services and users irradiation with increased traffic due to the development and management of the analysis was carried out experimental measurements. 相似文献
3.
Drunk drivers are a menace to themselves and to other road users, as drunk driving significantly increases the risk of involvement in road accidents and the probability of severe or fatal injuries. Although injuries and fatalities related to road accidents have decreased in recent decades, the prevalence of drunk driving among drivers killed in road accidents has remained stable, at around 25% or more during the past 10 years. Understanding drunk driving, and in particular, recidivism, is essential for designing effective countermeasures, and accordingly, the present study aims at identifying the differences between non-drunk drivers, drunk driving non-recidivists and drunk driving recidivists with respect to their demographic and socio-economic characteristics, road accident involvement and other traffic and non-traffic-related law violations. This study is based on register-data from Statistics Denmark and includes information from 2008 to 2012 for the entire population, aged 18 or older, of Denmark. The results from univariate and multivariate statistical analyses reveal a five year prevalence of 17% for drunk driving recidivism, and a significant relation between recidivism and the drunk drivers’ gender, age, income, education, receipt of an early retirement pension, household type, and residential area. Moreover, recidivists are found to have a higher involvement in alcohol-related road accidents, as well as other traffic and, in particular, non-traffic-related offences. These findings indicate that drunk driving recidivism is more likely to occur among persons who are in situations of socio-economic disadvantage and marginalisation. Thus, to increase their effectiveness, preventive measures aiming to reduce drunk driving should also address issues related to the general life situations of the drunk driving recidivists that contribute to an increased risk of drunk driving recidivism. 相似文献
4.
ObjectiveTraffic collisions yield a substantial rate of morbidity and injury among child-pedestrians. We explored the formation of an innovative hazard perception training intervention – Child-pedestrians Anticipate and Act Hazard Perception Training (CA2HPT). Training was based upon enhancing participants’ ability to anticipate potential hazards by exposing them to an array of traffic scenes viewed from different angles.MethodTwenty-four 7–9-year-olds have participated. Trainees underwent a 40-min intervention of observing typical residential traffic scenarios in a simulated dome projection environment while engaging in a hazard detection task. Trainees were encouraged to note differences between the scenarios presented to them from separate angles (a pedestrian's point-of-view and a higher perspective angle). Next, trainees and control group members were required to perform crossing decision tasks.ResultsTrainees were found to be more aware of potential hazards related to restricted field of view relative to control.ConclusionsChild pedestrians are responsive to training and actively detecting materialized hazards may enrich child-pedestrians’ ability to cross roads. 相似文献
5.
6.
The focus of this paper lies in the practical aspects of voice over IP communication. VoIP configurations in the H.323 standard will be presented briefly. Following that, the fundamental protocol procedure of H.323 communication will be briefly explained. A further part of the paper will address the subject QoS (quality of service), and present the common measurement methods used in QoS. Results gained from experiments conducted in a VoIP environment will then follow. The investigations concentrate primarily on the load behavior of voice packets in relation to important parameters of this service. The results obtained are presented and evaluated in diagrams. The paper concludes with a summary. 相似文献
7.
Riikka Susitaival Ilmari Juva Markus Peuhkuri Samuli Aalto 《Telecommunication Systems》2006,33(1-3):67-88
In this paper we analyze measurements gathered from a 2.5~Gbps link in the Finnish university network (Funet) in 2004. The
traffic is broken down into origin-destination (OD) pair components based on source and destination IP address. We study the
traffic characteristics of these components, and identify four typical representative OD pairs. For these pairs we investigate
the validity of a moving IID Gaussian model. We find that the statistical properties of these OD pairs differ significantly
from each other, with only some of them close to Gaussian. The OD pairs are also found to have some cross-correlation between
each other, contradicting an often made assumption about OD pair independence. Furthermore, the existence of a mean-variance
relation between the OD pairs is studied. We find that there is a relation between mean and variance, but for some periods
of time it is rather weak. 相似文献
8.
基于回归方法的移动通信话务量预测 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对移动通信话务量与市场用户和相应资费政策相关的特点,采用回归预测方法,建立了基于市场用户数及每用户收入的话务量预测模型,并对模型进行了经济学意义上的检验。根据此模型,对话务量进行了初步的预测分析。 相似文献
9.
Joern Ploennigs Mario Neugebauer Klaus Kabitzsch 《International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT)》2006,8(6):607-620
Large technical systems need to be designed both reliable and efficient. Specialized design tools offer therefore a simplified,
abstract design and extend details autonomously in the background. Analytic and simulation based models could improve the
quality by testing and dimensioning the design before implementation, but setting up the necessary models is time-consuming
and expensive. Therefore many developers ask for analysis tools which are able to create their models from the available information
in the design tools. This paper presents such an automated modeling approach basing on an existing design database at the
example of a network analysis for building automation fieldbuses. The process of automated modeling is unfolded, and the potentials
and limitations are discussed. 相似文献
10.
介绍了一种专为时分复用系统设计的时院分配计算算法。这种算法中主要用到的技术是从一个话务矩阵的各行选出一个区别代表的系统方法。对于任何话务矩阵,这种算法的分配效率都能达到100%,所产生的模式矩阵个数最多为n2-2n+2个(对于n×n矩阵)。 相似文献