内循环好氧三相流化床处理造纸中段废水

本实验采用内循环好氧三相流化床处造纸中段废水，经过一段时间的驯化，获得了稳定的出水。CDO去除经保持在65％以上，系统对进水污染负荷的变化具有较大的承受能力。出水Cl^-的浓度有所增加，说明驯化后的微生物可能对有抽氯化物具有一定的降解作用。水气比在1／120至1／140之间可获得最好的COD去除效果。后进行絮凝处理后，出水COD降为60－80mg/L,BODo 50-60/L，色度为100－150CU，挥发性酚的质量浓度小于0．0265mg／L。     

邻苯二甲酸酯鼓泡生物降解

该课题测试了邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的鼓泡生物降解行为。结果表明，邻苯二甲酸酯的降解速率常数（kb)与其烷基链长度之间存在良好的相关性，kb=0.0009x^2-0.019x 0.1123，相关系数r=0.9906；浓度超过500mg/L时，邻苯二甲酸二乙酯可抑制自身的生物降解；中间产物邻苯二甲酸浓度超过50mg/L时，也对邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的生物降解有明显的抑制作用。     

Nutrient removal performance of an anaerobic–anoxic–aerobic process as a function of influent C/P ratio

The laboratory scale anaerobic–anoxic–aerobic (A²O) process fed with synthetic brewage wastewater was designed to investigate the effects of changing feed C/P ratio on the performance of biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes. In the experiment, the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration was kept at approximately 300 mg L^?1 while the total phosphorus concentration was varied to obtain the desired C/P ratio. Results showed that when the C/P ratio was lower than 32, phosphorus removal efficiency increased as C/P ratio increased linearly, while when the C/P ratio was higher than 32, the P removal efficiency was maintained at 90–98%, and effluent P concentration was lower than 0.5 mg L^?1. However, regardless of the C/P ratio, excellent COD removal (90% or higher) and good total nitrogen removal (75–84%) were maintained throughout the experiments. It was also found that very good linear correlation was obtained between COD uptake per unit P released in the anaerobic zone and C/P ratio. In addition, the P content in the wasted activated sludge increased with the decrease in the C/P ratio. Based on the results, it was recommended that the wastewater C/P ratio and its effects be incorporated into BNR design and operational procedures, appropriate C/P ratios were used to achieve the effluent treatment goals. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Bacteriological Safety of Swine Carcasses Treated with Reconditioned Water

Swine carcass microflora were evaluated for selected foodborne pathogens after exposure to reconditioned water during scalding, dehairing, and polishing operations. Reused water had been reconditioned and chlorinated. Rodac plates applied to hams were used to assess carcass microflora. Water samples were enumerated using membrane filtration or spiral plating. Sampling was at mid-week throughout the year. Total aerobic plate counts on hams were unaffected by treating with potable or reconditioned waters. No differences were observed for staphylococci, enterics, fecal streptococci, Listeria monocytogenes, coliforms, and Aeromonas levels. A preevisceration potable water carcass wash reduced the bacterial load, regardless of initial treatment. Bacterial counts on carcasses paralleled those in water. Reuse is an alternative to potable water for initial slaughter operations without diminishing bacteriologic safety.     

气浮池──稳定塘处理造纸废水

叙述了用气浮地→厌氧塘→兼性塘处理造纸废水的试验与设计。经运行后测定，出水达到了天津市水污染物排放标准的要求。气浮池采用３０％的回流比，提高了处理效率，每天可回收纸板原料８．４～１０．８ｔ。     

Analysis of the physical properties of an in-vessel composting matrix

Efficient compost production requires a thorough understanding of the process dynamics in terms of the feedstock materials used and the interactions of the physical properties involved. The main properties affecting the composting process are temperature, moisture content, bulk density, porosity and oxygen availability. In this study, the correlations between a selected set of physical properties of a batch-composting matrix were determined. The key physical changes in the composting materials for a blend of woodchips, chicken manure and mixed green vegetables have been monitored during a 36-day composting period in a 200-L rotary drum. The daily measurements conducted on the solid samples included temperature, pH, volatile solids, bulk density, moisture content, free airspace and substrates particle density while the carbon dioxide release was monitored weekly using jar respiration tests. The results from the compost process monitoring were a maximum temperature rise to 66.3 °C over the first 3 days, a marked decrease in free airspace from 76.3% to 40.0% at the end of the process, a variation in average composting material particle density from 1097 kg/m³ to 2325 kg/m³, and an increase in wet bulk density from 255 kg/m³ to 628 kg/m³. Correlations developed among free airspace, wet bulk density, dry bulk density and wet moisture content were in agreement with previously determined equations from literature. Free airspace varied linearly with both dry and wet bulk densities (R² value of 0.89 and 0.95, respectively) while the free airspace-wet moisture content profile followed a fourth degree polynomial trend with a correlation coefficient of 0.63.     

N,N,N-三甲基-2,3-二(硬脂酰氧基)丙基氯化铵(CDESA)的生物降解性

采用活性环氧中间体失水甘油基三甲基氯化铵合成了一种阳离子双酯表面活性剂——N,N,N-三甲基-2,3-二(硬脂酰氧基)丙基氯化铵(CDESA),来代替传统的难降解的表面活性剂型柔软剂,如目前国内仍在大量使用的双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵(D1821)。对CDESA的好氧降解性能进行了研究:以天然环境中的生活沉降污泥作为微生物源,用河水稀释,经培养、驯化后用于测试降解时间和半衰期,并与D1821的好氧降解性能作了对比。结果表明,CDESA的半衰期为3 d,容易降解,而D1821半衰期为7 d,较难降解,CDESA生物降解性能优于D1821。     

稠油污水的有机组成及可生化性研究

采用物化-厌氧-好氧法处理稠油污水,对物化生化处理各阶段出水的有机组分进行定性分析,并对稠油污水的可生化性进行了进一步研究。研究结果表明:不同处理工序出水的有机成分差异较大,经过气浮、厌氧处理后,稠油污水可生化性逐步提高,有利后续好氧生物处理。     

利用A/O技术处理己内酰胺生产废水的研究

探讨采用先进的A/O(厌氧菌 /好氧菌 )生物脱氮技术对己内酰胺生产废水进行处理的工作机理和工艺设计方法 ,分析了温度、溶解氧、pH值、进水碳氮比等参数对生物脱氮工艺过程的影响 ,并对其关键技术进行了研究