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生产装置在线模拟与优化技术的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
概述了以通用软件为基础开发化工生产装置严格在线模拟与优化系统的过程,介绍了在线模型的5个层次及其特点,以合成氨为例说明了在线模型的运行和应用情况。 相似文献
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Rates of ammonia (NH3) loss from a ryegrass sward measured using a system of small wind tunnels were compared with concurrent measurements made using a micrometeorological mass balance method. Measurements were made during two experiments within a circular plot (radius 10m) treated with urea at a rate of 200kgNha?1. In the first experiment, air speed through the tunnels was adjusted as necessary to maintain a value of approximately 1ms?1. This value differed on most occasions from the mean ambient wind speed which was measured at a height of 250mm and which ranged from 0.61 to 2.95ms?1. Rates of loss measured using the wind tunnels differed by a factor of between two and five from those measured using the mass balance method; there was no consistent pattern in the differences between the rates of loss. The total losses of NH3 measured during 15 days were equivalent to 49.1 and 30.2kg Nha?1 for the mass balance and wind tunnel methods, respectively. In the second experiment, air speed through the tunnels was adjusted as necessary to maintain a value as close as possible to the mean ambient wind speed measured at a height of 250mm. Rates of NH3 loss measured using the two methods did not differ significantly; total losses of NH3 during 17 days were equivalent to 96.9 and 101kg Nha?1 for the mass balance and wind tunnel methods, respectively. The difference between the findings of the two experiments could be attributed to the direct effect of air speed through the tunnels rather than to differences between ambient temperatures and those inside the tunnels. During and following periods of rain the rates of loss measured using the tunnels were up to six times greater than those observed with the mass balance method. Rates of loss measured by the two methods became similar again when the tunnels were moved following rain. The study demonstrates that enclosures can be designed and operated to provide reliable measurements of the rate of NH3 loss from grassland. Potential applications of the two methods are discussed. 相似文献
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针对Φ10 0 0mm瑞士卡萨利氨合成塔内件应用投产后出现触媒泄漏、系统阻力上升的问题 ,对其进行分析 ,查找问题存在的原因 ,提出技术改进措施 ,最终使装置运行稳定 ,达到并超过设计生产能力 ,取得较好的应用效果。 相似文献
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Alexey B. Nadykto Fangqun Yu Jason Herb 《International journal of molecular sciences》2008,9(11):2184-2193
Hydration directly affects the mobility, thermodynamic properties, lifetime and nucleation rates of atmospheric ions. In the present study, the role of ammonia on the formation of hydrogen bonded complexes of the common atmospheric hydrogensulfate (HSO4−) ion with water has been investigated using the Density Functional Theory (DFT). Our findings rule out the stabilizing effect of ammonia on the formation of negatively charged cluster hydrates and show clearly that the conventional (classical) treatment of ionic clusters as presumably more stable compared to neutrals may not be applicable to pre-nucleation clusters. These considerations lead us to conclude that not only quantitative but also qualitative assessment of the relative thermodynamic stability of atmospheric clusters requires a quantum-chemical treatment. 相似文献
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我厂为重油部分氧化法,激冷工艺,设计年产合成氨10万吨,主要产品为硝铵、纯碱等。本文总结了近年来对我厂工艺、设备进行了多处技术改造,使合成氨产量不断增加,总能耗逐年下降.经济效益十分可观。 相似文献
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谢强 《安徽电气工程职业技术学院学报》2021,26(1):61-67
某厂超超临界燃煤火电机组已完成超低排放改造,实现烟尘、SO2和NOx排放浓度远低于10 mg/Nm3、35 mg/Nm3和50 mg/Nm3。但锅炉中脱硝系统氨逃逸过大,导致脱硝系统后面的烟道内空预器及低温省煤器堵塞严重,严重影响了机组运行安全。通过测量该锅炉SCR反应器出口NOx浓度及氨逃逸量等参数,基于实测数据分析对锅炉喷氨量进行优化调整,降低SCR反应器出口氨逃逸量,从而有效缓解空预器及低温省煤器的堵塞状况,保证机组的高效安全运行。 相似文献
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Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of α-brass in ammonia solution was studied under mode III loading. The results showed that SCC occurred on the principal stress planes where shear stresses are zero. No SCC occurred on the maximum shear stress plane. Ammonia concentration affected fracture behaviour. When the concentration was low, many cracks with spacing of 10–150 μm were found on 45 ° planes, i.e., the principal stress planes. When the concentration was high, the cracks on 45 ° planes were not clearly visible because of serious general corrosion. 相似文献