解剖学的数字化实验教学平台的构建探索

随着数字医学及数字医疗技术的迅速发展,针对高等医学院校解剖实验教学中存在的问题,如何提高解剖学教学质量,文章介绍了数字化解剖,并分析了数字化解剖实验室的特点,将云计算技术应用到管理数字化实验教学中。给出了基于云计算技术的数字化解剖实验教学平台解决方案,改革数字化解剖实验室,提出一种新的数字化解剖教学模式。     

酸、碱溶液对脱脂蚕蛹的解剖结构影响

将脱脂蚕蛹分别置于清水、1%盐酸溶液和1%氢氧化钠溶液中,100℃浸泡处理20 min,采用电子光学显微分析技术观察脱脂蚕蛹的解剖结构。结果表明:①清水浸泡,蛋白质、甲壳素膨胀;②盐酸溶液浸泡,在蛋白质、甲壳素膨胀的同时,有蛋白的部分分解;③氢氧化钠溶液浸泡,蛋白质、甲壳素膨胀,蛋白质溶解,并伴有部分蛋白的分解。碱对蛋白层与甲壳层的层间有劈开作用。碱液能实现蛋白层与甲壳层的剥离。     

基于节点分割的社交网络属性隐私保护

现有研究表明,社交网络中用户的社交结构信息和非敏感属性信息均会增加用户隐私属性泄露的风险.针对当前社交网络隐私属性匿名算法中存在的缺乏合理模型、属性分布特征扰动大、忽视社交结构和非敏感属性对敏感属性分布的影响等弱点,提出一种基于节点分割的隐私属性匿名算法.该算法通过分割节点的属性连接和社交连接,提高了节点的匿名性,降低了用户隐私属性泄露的风险.此外,量化了社交结构信息对属性分布的影响,根据属性相关程度进行节点的属性分割,能够很好地保持属性分布特征,保证数据可用性.实验结果表明,该算法能够在保证数据可用性的同时,有效抵抗隐私属性泄露.     

基于外骨骼的数据手套设计及控制研究

针对可穿戴式外骨骼机器人上的装备控制,设计了一种基于外骨骼的数据手套,该外骨骼数据手套的功能为通过手势变换输入信号控制外骨骼上的装备运作。外骨骼数据手套的控制方法为通过不同手指组合绷直带动外骨骼骨架触碰到不同的开关,使单片机采集到不同的信号来调用所需功能。这种控制方式相比于对比手势模型类型的数据手套,控制较简单、成本更低廉。同时,利用解剖学对输入指令的手指进行筛选来选出灵活度较高的手指,通过机器人学D-H法对手指机械骨架进行运动学正解分析,并使用ADAMS软件做运动学仿真帮助尺寸设计。最后基于SoildWorks软件对外骨骼数据手套进行了建模以及实物实验,验证了所提出的控制方式的正确性与合理性。     

Keyboard design through physiological strain measurements

The physiologically tolerable range of positions for the joints of the upper extremities have been investigated for typing tasks by recording the myoelectric activities of the involved muscles. For long-term typing tasks a split keyboard is recommended allocating a key field to each hand. The fields should be rotated against each other in the horizontal plane and inclined laterally.     

牙齿三维数据模型的建立

牙齿的解剖形态学研究是口腔医学的重要基础内容之一。了解和掌握人类牙齿外观形态和内部构造，对口腔医学的各个领域诸如：日腔修复、口腔内科、日脏外科和日腔正畸的教学、临床和科研都是非常必要的。本研究通过对离体恒牙以黑色树脂包埋，用数控磨床每隔２００Ｐｍ间距逐层磨除，拍摄照片并将图象输人计算机的方法，构成了每个牙齿的三维数据模型。该模型可逼真地显示在计算机屏幕上，可从任意选定的角度观察和从任意平面剖开，从而成为易于理解记忆的可视化教材，为日腔医学邻域中牙体解剖学的学习提供了方便的条件。这一系列的数据和相应的牙的图象、精度远高于美国著名的“数据亚当”的颅颌牙列部分，每个牙齿还能被单独地进行处理，能充分满足口腔医学专业的特点和需要。本研究建立的数据牙模型从标本制备到图象输人和三维重建各环节均有创新，为计算机图象图形技术、ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ技术、虚拟现实技术在口腔医学邻域中的应用推广奠定了重要基础。     

Multiscale Biomechanics of Tomato Fruits: A Review

Bruising and other mechanical damage to fruit caused by external forces during and postharvesting is manifested at the macroscale but is ultimately the result of failure of cells at the microscale. However, fruits have internal structures and cells from different tissue types react differently to application of an external force. Not much is known about the effects of such forces on single cells within tissues and one reason for this is the lack of multiscale models linking macro- (organ or whole fruit), meso- (tissue), and micro- (cell) mechanics. This review concerns tomato fruits specifically as this is an important crop and is an excellent exemplar of past and proposed research in this field. The first consideration is the multiscale anatomy of tomato fruits that provides the basis for mechanical modeling. The literature on experimental methods for studying multiscale mechanics of fruit is then reviewed, as are recent results from using those methods. Finally, future research directions are discussed, in particular the combination of work over all scales. It is clear that a bottom-up approach incorporating single-cell mechanics in finite element models of whole fruit assumed to have internal structures is a promising way forward for tomato fruits but further method developments may be needed for these and other fruits and vegetables, in particular recovery of representative single cells from tissues for mechanical characterization.     

Microscopic diagnosis of the leaf and stem of Piper solmsianum C.DC

Piper solmsianum C.DC., which is popularly known as pariparoba, is a shrub that measures 1–3 m in height and it inhabits areas with wet tropical soils. The objective of this study was to analyze the leaf and stem anatomy using light microscopy, scanning electron micrographs, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy in order to provide information for species identification. The anatomical profile showed the following main microscopic markers: hypostomatic leaf; hypodermis layer on both sides; pearl glands; biconvex midrib shape; five collateral vascular bundles in open arc with the central bundle larger than the others; circular stem shape; collateral vascular bundles arranged in two rings; sinuous sclerenchymatic sheath in the pith; secretory idioblasts; and starch grains in the mesophyll, in the ground parenchyma of the midrib, petiole, and in the stem; and six morphotypes of calcium oxalate crystals (styloids, cuneiform, tabular crystal rosettes, cuneiform crystal rosettes, elongated square dipyramids, as well as very elongated square dipyramids).     

泌阳凹陷双河油田扇三角洲前缘构型精细解剖

利用岩心、测井和生产动态资料,在扇三角洲前缘内部构型级次划分及识别单一河道砂的基础上,精细解剖泌阳凹陷双河油田Ⅶ10小层扇三角洲前缘的构型。双河油田扇三角洲前缘复合砂体主要发育水下分流河道、河口坝和溢岸砂3类构成单元,单一砂体构型界面为泥粉砂质夹层、钙质砂砾岩夹层以及泥砾岩夹层。研究区砂体的拼接样式分为河口坝-河口坝拼接、河口坝-辫状水道拼接、辫状水道-辫状水道拼接以及辫状水道-溢岸砂拼接等4种类型。应用三维视窗内多视角栅状组合技术在小层内识别出3条单一河道及其相应河口坝和溢岸砂,单一河道宽度为100~150 m,具有从北向南逐步交叉合并并分流的变化规律。油田现有的井网不能有效地控制单一河道砂体分布,需要缩小井距,沿单一河道完善注采系统,以提高注水开发效果。     

粗粒辫状河心滩内部泥质夹层分布新模式——以吴官屯野外露头为例

通过对山西省大同市吴官屯侏罗系辫状河沉积露头观察、测量及成因分析,对该露头进行了3~5级构型解剖。此处沉积体垂向发育三期辫状河道砂体,期次之间发育稳定的细粒沉积物;在单期河道砂体内部,发育辫状河道和心滩两个4级沉积构型单元,其中,心滩主要为辫状河砂体类型;在单一心滩内部,发育多个增生体,增生体之间界面处发育沟道及落淤层,均为细砂岩充填,未见泥质夹层。在以上解剖基础上,综合其它同类型辫状河心滩沉积特征,最终得到了粗粒辫状河心滩级次及内部细粒沉积单元分布模式。