TEMPERED BAINITE EMBRITTLEMENT IN SOME STRUCTURAL STEELS

The variations of microstructures and mechanical properties of steels 15CrMnMoV,18Mn2CrMoB,18Cr2Ni4W,30CrMnSi,30CrMnSiNi2 and 40CrMnSiMoV,which weretempered at different temperatures after austempering and continuous cooling at given rates,have been investigated.Based on the experimental results,the behaviour and mechanism oftempered bainite embrittlement(TBE)have been discussed.Finally,the theoretical and prac-tical basis for selecting the optimum tempering temperature of steels with bainite structure af-ter heat treatment are proposed.     

高硅铸钢的强韧化机理

采用X射线衍射，计算了高硅铸钢等温淬火热处理后的贝氏体铁素体含碳量，采用TEM分析了贝氏体铁素体中的错位，研究了贝氏体铁素体板条尺寸与高硅铸钢屈服强度、硬度间的关系。在此基础上分析了高硅铸钢的强化以及韧化机理，高硅铸钢的强化是固溶强化，位错强化和细晶强化综合作用的合理；而高硅铸钢的韧化是存在于贝氏体铁素体板条之间富碳的薄膜状残余奥氏体，细小的贝氏体铁素体板条共同作用的结果。合适的Si含量也是影响高硅铸钢韧性重要因素。     

The influence of nickel and copper on the austempering of ductile iron

In the present investigation, the effect of alloying elements on the austempering process, austempered microstructure, and structural parameters of two austempered ductile irons (ADI) containing 0.6% Cu and 0.6% Cu/1.0% Ni as the main alloying elements was investigated. The optical metallography and x-ray diffraction were used to study the changes in the austempered structure. The effect of alloying additions on the austempering kinetics was studied using the Avrami equation. Significantly more upper bainite was observed in the austempered Cu-Ni alloyed ADI than in Cu alloyed ADI. The volume fraction of retained austenite (X _γ), the carbon level in the retained austenite (C _γ), and the product X _γ C _γ in an austempered structure of Cu-alloyed ADI are higher than in Cu-Ni-alloyed ADI. The austempering Kinetics is slowed down by the addition of Ni.     

低碳球铁的等温淬火工艺研究

对低碳球铁的等温淬火工艺进行了研究.测定了低碳球铁件在几种不同奥氏体化时间、等温温度、等温时间下的力学性能,并对金相组织进行了分析.实验结果表明:在900℃奥氏体化40min,340℃进行30min的盐浴处理,能得到σb=1040MPa,δ=3%,ak=42J/cm2,HRC=32的较高的力学性能.     

灰铸铁贝氏体等温淬火研究

研究了等温淬火热处理工艺对灰铸铁组织和性能的影响．并确定了860℃保温2h．然后在300℃保温1.5h的等温淬火工艺，在此工世条件下可获得贝氏体基体的高性能灰铸铁。     

贝氏体等温淬火对Dievar热作模具钢高温摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用贝氏体等温淬火工艺在Dievar钢中制备不同体积比例的贝/马复相微观组织,通过对显微组织、宏观/微观硬度、磨面形貌、磨屑和磨损率的分析进一步研究了贝/马复相Dievar热作模具钢的高温摩擦磨损性能并探讨其磨损机制。结果表明,Dievar钢中下贝氏体含量随等温淬火保温时间的延长而增加,其中保温3、5、10 min时下贝氏体体积占比分别为32%、45%、63%。贝/马复相试样相比于传统油淬试样具有更高的回火抗性,不同等温试样硬度值均高于传统油淬试样硬度值。同等磨损条件下,等温淬火Dievar钢相较于常规热处理Dievar钢耐磨性更加优异。在400～600℃高温摩擦磨损试验条件下,Dievar钢表面氧化物为Fe₂O₃和Fe₃O₄。Dievar钢400～500℃高温磨损机制为磨粒-轻微氧化磨损;随着温度升高,氧化物颗粒尺寸变大,磨粒磨损加剧。当温度升至600℃时,常规油淬试样磨损机制为磨粒-氧化磨损,以磨粒磨损为主;而等温淬火试样磨损机制则以氧化磨损为主。     

Austempering of Hot Rolled SiMn TRIP Steels

 The austempering after hot rolling in hot rolled Si Mn TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steels was investigated. The mechanism of TRIP was discussed through examination of the microstructure and the mechanical properties of this kind of steel. The results showed that the strain induced transformation to martensite of retained austenite occurs in hot rolled Si Mn TRIP steels. The sample exhibited a good combination of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation when it was held at the bainite transformation temperature after hot deformation. The stability of retained austenite increases with an increase in isothermal holding time, and a further increase in the holding duration resulted in the decrease of stability. The mechanical properties were optimal when holding for 25 min, and tensile strength and total elongation reached the maximum values (774 MPa and 33%, respectively).     

低碳高强度高塑性锚杆用钢的试验研究

研究了等温淬火的等温温度和等温时间对低碳Si-Mn系TR IP钢力学性能的影响。试验用钢经810℃两相区加热,保温50 m in,在380℃盐浴中等温淬火20 m in,得到贝氏体＋铁素体＋残留奥氏体的三相组织,具有较高的抗拉强度（Rm=843 MPa）和良好的塑性（A5=31%）。     

热处理对Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金单程形状记忆效应的影响

研究了在SME法训练条件下，等温淬火热处理对Cu—Zn—Al形状记忆合金单程形状记忆效应ηo的影响及与“淬火 上淬”热处理的比较。研究结果表明，等温时间如能保证合金充分有序化，又不使合金发生偏聚和析出其它相时，可获较好单程形状记忆效应训练效果。等温时间8min的单程回复率ηo较佳，训练达到稳定时，比等温3min得到的最差的ηo值高出约83％。随训练次数增加，位错增加，晶格原子有序度降低，单程形状记忆效应先急剧下降，后缓慢下降，最后趋于稳定。比较试验发现，“淬火 上淬”处理比等温淬火处理具有更好的单程形状记忆效应训练效果。因为后者的母相-马氏体共格关系不如前者，并可通过时效获得最佳有序畴尺寸.经充分训练后，前者最终的单程回复率ηo比后者的高出34％.