Diluted chemical bath deposition of CdZnS as prospective buffer layer in CIGS solar cell

In this study, dilute chemical bath deposition technique has been used to deposit CdZnS thin films on soda-lime glass substrates. The structural, morphological, optoelectronic properties of as-grown films have been investigated as a function of different Zn²⁺ precursor concentrations. The X-ray diffractogram of CdS thin-film reveals a peak corresponding to (002) plane with wurtzite structure, and the peak shift has been observed with the increase of the Zn²⁺ concentration upon formation of CdZnS thin film. From morphological studies, it has been revealed that the diluted chemical bath deposition technique provides homogeneous distribution of film on the substrate even at a lower concentration of Zn²⁺. Optical characterization has shown that the transparency of the film is influenced by Zn²⁺ concentration and when the Zn²⁺ concentration is varied from 0 M to 0.0256 M, bandgap values of resulting films range from 2.42 eV to 3.90 eV while. Furthermore, electrical properties have shown that with increasing zinc concentration the resistivity of the film increases. Finally, numerical simulation validates and suggests that CdZnS buffer layer with composition of 0.0032 M Zn²⁺ concentration would be a promising candidate in CIGS solar cell.     

核算前移在冶炼企业优化成本控制中的应用

针对国际黄金价格的走低,黄金冶炼企业如何在激烈的市场竞争中寻求更大的利润空间,优化成本控制显得尤为重要。以某冶炼厂为例,阐述核算前移在优化企业成本控制中的应用,以达到降本增效的目的,实现企业利润的最大化。     

现场总线在冶炼烟气制酸系统中的应用实践

分析了冶炼烟气制酸工艺的特点，介绍了由PROFIBUS-DP现场总线构建的冶炼厂烟气制酸监控系统，详细介绍了其硬件配置及相应的软件设计。     

激光冶炼太阳级硅材料的实验研究

通过实验研究表明，大功率ＣＯ２激光器在廉价硅材料制备中应用的可能性。     

钛铁矿流态化氧化机理研究

对低品位钛铁矿进行预氧化、预还原等预处理后可满足硫酸法生产钛白粉工艺所需高品位钛铁矿的要求。本试验采用流态化预氧化方法处理风化程度低、含硫较高的钛铁矿。结果表明 :流态化氧化可大幅度地降低钛铁矿中硫含量 ;钛铁矿流态化氧化的适宜温度为 :80 0～ 90 0℃ ,且在此温度范围内 ,随温度的升高 ,钛铁矿的氧化速度增加 ,在 90 0℃时 ,5 0min钛铁矿基本能完成氧化     

电弧炉采用石灰石单渣冶炼工艺的研究

采用优质石灰石取代质量差的白灰 ,进行了单渣电弧炉熔炼。结果表明 ,钢水成本降低 ,钢水质量提高 ,取得了良好的效果。     

熔融还原炉内二次燃烧和传热

总结了熔融还原炉内二次燃烧和传热的研究成果，对于转炉采用二次燃烧提高废钢比也有借鉴作用。     

八钢高炉无料钟炉顶的装料制度

以八钢高炉炼铁实践为依据，系统研究和分析了八钢2号和3号高炉炉顶设备装料制度对高炉冶炼的影响。认为高炉操作制度是当前高炉炼铁的主要技术之一，也是影响高炉焦比主要技术经济指标的重要因素。在原燃料和装备水平一定的条件下，合理的操作制度对高炉的技术经济指标起到决定性的作用。     

SWRH82B冶炼过程中几个工艺问题的探讨

通过对天津钢铁有限公司在SWRH82B钢冶炼过程中工艺数据的整理分析,就转炉冶炼终点如何实现高碳低磷和优化工序操作提出一些改进措施。     

Silver electrodeposition from air and water-stable ionic liquid: An environmentally friendly alternative to cyanide baths

The influence of temperature on the kinetics and the morphology of silver deposits obtained from an air and water-stable ionic liquid (the 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate) was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The nucleation and growth mechanisms have been investigated and the effect of temperature evaluated up to 200 °C. Dense, pure and very thin (about 0.3 μm) silver coatings, with decorative properties, have been obtained on commercial copper electrodes at different temperatures. The characterization of the deposits morphology has been performed by visual investigation and SEM microscopy. Data about thickness were acquired by Calotest® measurements. The deposits result constituted by pure silver as determined by combination of EDX microanalysis and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). The deposition method promises to be a new, environmentally friendly, method for silver electrodeposition which is the reason for the absence of cyanide and volatile toxic solvents in the electroplating bath.