Process conditions affect pigment quality and yield in extracts of purple sunflower hulls

Extract of purple sunflower hulls is a potential red food colorant; however, suitable process conditions must still be identified. Selected process variables were studied using bench-scale units to prepare, clarify, concentrate and spray dry extracts. Concentration by evaporation at 32°C and addition of maltodextrin to 15% (wt/dry wt) prior to drying largely eliminated pigment degradation during those steps. Relative to water extracts, extracts prepared with 5 to 15% ethanol in water generally yielded more pigment with similar levels of degradation and loss during subsequent processing. Use of 5% ethanol/2% citric acid reduced yield by about half relative to water, but gave a powder with a lower degradation index and wetting time. Percentage recovery of pigment during concentration and drying was not greatly affected by solvent type or extraction temperature.     

控制饮用水加氯消毒副产物的研究

试验证明高锰酸钾复合药剂与粒状活性炭联用处理技术是一种高效、经济的除污染技术．能够有效地去除水中有机物，尤其是水中的卤代有机物及其前驱物质．这样就充分保证了饮用水的安全性。     

生物柴油副产物下层甘油液的组成分析及其分离

分析了菜籽油和大豆油碱催化酯空换法制备生物柴油副产物下层甘油液的主要成份。下层甘油液中主要古甘油、甲醇和脂肪酸皂以及少量的脂肪酸甲酯和游离碱。探索了分离方法。获得的甲醇和脂肪酸可用于生物柴油生产和其它产品的原料，获得的甘油音量达到分析纯要求。     

城市供水消毒中副产物风险与微生物安全性的控制原则

对城市饮用水消毒过程中如何控制消毒副产物对人体健康影响的风险，同时保证水质的微生物安全性提出了三点原则。     

Broccoli leaf powder as an attractive by-product ingredient: effect on batter behaviour,technological properties and sensory quality of gluten-free mini sponge cake

Broccoli by-products, in particular leaves, are rich sources of nutritional and bioactive components thus could constitute a valuable food additive. Although an upsurge in quantity of gluten-free products is observed further studies are required on improvement of their nutritional quality and palatability. This study aimed to investigate the influence of broccoli leaf powder (BLP) on dough behaviour, and technological characteristics and sensory quality of gluten-free mini sponge cake (GFS). Broccoli leaf powder replaced an equivalent amount (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%; w/w) of corn and potato starches in GFS formulation. Applied BLP increased the instrumental firmness of GFS but sensorial attributes (elasticity, crustiness, mastication and adhesiveness) were similar to the control. All broccoli GFS were vividly green, had small size pores properly distributed. Among them, sample with 2.5% BLP was distinguished for its desirable sensory quality, despite a slightly perceived cabbage aroma and taste. Moderate amount of BLP allows to preserve a good quality GFS improving its attractiveness and palatability.     

Precooked sorghum flour as proper vehicle of ACE-I and DPP-IV inhibitory sorghum peptides

Sorghum flour was heat treated for producing an instant dispersion ingredient. The precooked sorghum flour was added with ACE-I and DPP-IV inhibitory sorghum peptides (3.0 g peptide 100 g⁻¹). The product was reconstituted in water, and peptide bioaccessibility was evaluated by equilibrium dialysis method after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Total peptide dialysability of precooked sorghum flour added with sorghum peptides was higher than those obtained for precooked sorghum flour (315.9 ± 14.8 vs. 45.2 ± 5.6 µmol, respectively) (P < 0.05). The ACE-I and DPP-IV-IC₅₀ values of the bioaccessible peptides from the bioactive product were lower than those obtained for precooked sorghum flour ingredient (1.04 ± 0.12 vs. 1.82 ± 0.09 and 0.86 ± 0.02 vs. 2.12 ± 0.08 mg protein mL⁻¹, for ACE-I and DPP-IV, respectively) indicating a higher activity. Precooked sorghum flour was a good vehicle since it did not affect the bioaccessibility of ACE-I and DPP-IV inhibitory peptides provided by sorghum protein hydrolysate.     

制肥副产物制备铝合金抛光专用酸可行性研究

以制肥副产物为研究对象,对其制备铝合金抛光专用酸进行可行性研究。研究内容:(1)分析制肥副产物主要成分含量;(2)以制肥副产物为原料制备铝合金抛光专用酸;(3)进行抛光试验验证其抛光效果。结果表明:制肥副产物中五氧化二磷含量高达49%以上,且含有少量重金属元素及杂质,作为原料制备出的铝合金抛光专用酸抛光效果较好。得出结论:制肥副产物可作为制备铝合金抛光专用酸原料使用。     

Incorporation of fish by-product into the semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion of pre-treated lignocellulose and cow manure,with recovery of digestate's nutrients

Norway's fish processing industry generates large amounts of fish waste every year. The high-risk waste fraction with most of its oil removed has not yet been tested for energy production. The stability of an anaerobic digestion process that incorporates this material with steam exploded Salix and cow manure was tested using mesophilic, semi-continuous laboratory-scale digesters. The effects of recycling the liquid digestate fraction were also investigated. The removal of ammonium (NH₄⁺) and phosphate (PO₄³⁻) from the rejected digestate using struvite precipitation and bentonite adsorption were tested to generate a nutrient-enriched, final solid fertiliser. Adding 20% fish by-product (volatile solids basis) increased methane yields by 35%, while recycling the digestate caused a slight increase. The NH₄⁺–N levels reached 4–5 g l⁻¹ in the reactors with recirculation and fish feed. Although these levels may threaten methanogenesis, the stability of the process was maintained during the entire period due to the good balance between the lignocellulose, proteins and fats provided by the co-digestion mixture and the positive effects of recirculation. The NH₄⁺ and PO₄³⁻ were successfully removed from the rejected liquid digestate. The reductions using struvite reached 87% and 60% (pH 9.5 and Mg²⁺:NH₄⁺:PO₄³⁻ ratio of 1.2:1:1), while bentonite achieved 82% and 52%, respectively.     

湿法磷酸生产副产半水石膏工艺研究

对磷石膏资源化利用进行研究。采用磷酸浸取磷精矿粉制备的磷酸二氢钙酸浸液和硫酸为主要原料制备半水石膏。将酸浸液升温除杂,加入总钙质量5%的半水石膏作为晶种,再加入n(H_2SO_4)/n(Ca~(2+))为0.9的硫酸,反应15 min,热过滤后用85℃以上热水洗涤石膏至pH不低于6,在105~110℃下干燥即可制得半水石膏。所得石膏直径10~30μm,长径比10~40,w(CaSO_4·0.5H_2O)约99.3%,符合建筑石膏标准,可替代优质天然石膏来制备建筑石膏。