An energy-efficient multi-objective integrated process planning and scheduling for a flexible job-shop-type remanufacturing system

This study considers an energy-efficient multi-objective integrated process planning and scheduling (IPPS) problem for the remanufacturing system (RMS) integrating parallel disassembly, flexible job-shop-type reprocessing, and parallel reassembly shops with the goal of realizing the minimization of both energy cost and completion time. The multi-objective mixed-integer programming model is first constructed with consideration of operation, sequence, and process flexibilities in the RMS for identifying this scheduling issue mathematically. An improved spider monkey optimization algorithm (ISMO) with a global criterion multi-objective method is developed to address the proposed problem. By embedding dynamic adaptive inertia weight and various local neighborhood searching strategies in ISMO, its global and local search capabilities are improved significantly. A set of simulation experiments are systematically designed and conducted for evaluating ISMO’s performance. Finally, a case study from the real-world remanufacturing scenario is adopted to assess ISMO’s ability to handle the realistic remanufacturing IPPS problem. Simulation results demonstrate ISMO’s superiority compared to other baseline algorithms when tackling the energy-aware IPPS problem regarding solution accuracy, computing speed, solution stability, and convergence behavior. Meanwhile, the case study results validate ISMO’s supremacy in solving the real-world remanufacturing IPPS problem with relatively lower energy usage and time cost.     

一种改进的猴群算法

猴群算法是一种新的群体智能优化算法,该算法可以有效地求解线性、非线性、非凸和复杂高维函数的优化问题,目前已得到了许多学者的研究和关注.为了进一步提高猴群算法的求解精度,给出了一种改进的猴群算法.首先,采用均匀分布的Kent混沌映射产生猴群算法的初始可行解.然后,在该算法的爬过程中采用递减的因子作为爬步长.最后,在仿真实验中,与已有方法进行比较,结果显示了所给改进猴群算法的求解精度明显得到改善,即所提算法是可行的.     

Contributions of distinct prefrontal neuron classes in reward processing

The prefrontal cortex(PFC)is thought to be involved in higher order cognitive functions,such as in working memory,abstract categorization,and reward processing.It has been reported that two distinct neuron classes(putative pyramidal cells and interneurons)in the PFC played different functional roles in neural circuits involved in forming working memory and abstract categories.However,it remains elusive how the two types of neurons process reward information in the PFC.To investigate this issue,the activity of single neurons was extracellularly recorded in the PFC of the monkey performing a reward predicting task.PFC neurons were classified into putative pyramidal cells and interneurons,respectively,based on the waveforms of action potentials.Both the two types of neurons encoded reward information and discriminated two reward conditions(the preferred reward condition vs.the nonpreferred reward condition).However,the putative pyramidal neurons had better and more reliable discriminability than the putative interneurons.Also,the pyramidal cells represented reward information in the preferred reward condition,but not in the nonpreferred reward condition by raising their firing rates relative to the baseline rates.In contrast,the interneurons encoded reward information in the nonpreferred reward condition,but not in the preferred reward condition by inhibiting their discharge rates relative to the baseline rates.These results suggested that the putative pyramidal cells and interneurons had complementary functions in reward processing.These findings may help to clarify individual functions of each type of neurons in PFC neuronal circuits involved in reward processing.     

Sex, Age, and Training Modulate Spatial Memory in the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta).

The authors tested 90 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) on a task of spatial memory, the spatial Delayed Recognition Span Test. The results showed that performance declined significantly with age, males had greater scores than females, and the rate of apparent decline with age was greater in males than in females. Both working and reference memory declined with age, but only working memory showed sex differences. The authors compared these data with that of 22 monkeys who were trained on a simpler version of the task before formal testing. Training had no effect on males but dramatically improved working memory in young females. The results confirm a male advantage in spatial working memory at a young age and confirm a greater decline with age in males than in females. It is important to note that prior training completely reverses the deficits of young females. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

How do tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) understand causality involved in tool use?

Four tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) were trained to choose from 2 hook-like tools, 1 of which successfully led to collecting food, whereas the other did not because of inappropriate spatial arrangement of the tool and the food. In Experiment 1, all of the monkeys successfully learned the basic task. The monkeys performed successfully with tools of novel colors and shapes in Experiments 2-5. These results demonstrate that the monkeys used the spatial arrangement of the tool and the food as a cue. However, they failed when there were obstacles (Experiment 6) or traps (Experiment 7) on the path along which she monkeys dragged tools. These results may suggest that capuchin monkeys understand the spatial relationship between 2 items, namely, food and. the tool, but do not understand the spatial relationship among 3 items, namely, food, tool, and the environmental condition. The possible role of stimulus generalization is also considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

野草猴群算法的传感器优化布置方法研究

简易猴群算法存在初始化分布随机、爬步长固定、优秀猴子特征信息不能传承等缺陷,使算法求解性能受限。为解决以上问题,提出了一种用于传感器优化布置的野草猴群算法。该算法利用正态分布方法提高初始种群的多样性;采取自适应爬步长提升求解速度和搜索精度;融入野草繁殖进化和竞争排斥机制,扩大后代种群繁殖中优秀猴子的影响范围。以常用的模态置信度矩阵为传感器优化布置的目标函数,配置传感器的布置位置。以常用的8个测试函数和3个常用算法对其进行分析,验证了算法的可行性和有效性。最后以糊底机涂胶机构为例,进行传感器优化布置方案选择。实验结果表明,野草猴群算法的求解精度较简易猴群算法有大幅提高。     

An improved monkey algorithm for a 0-1 knapsack problem

The 0-1 knapsack problem is a classic combinational optimization problem. However, many exiting algorithms have low precision and easily fall into local optimal solutions to solve the 0-1 knapsack problem. In order to overcome these problems, this paper proposes a binary version of the monkey algorithm where the greedy algorithm is used to strengthen the local search ability, the somersault process is modified to avoid falling into local optimal solutions, and the cooperation process is adopted to speed up the convergence rate of the algorithm. To validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, experiments are carried out with various data instances of 0-1 knapsack problems and the results are compared with those of five metaheuristic algorithms.     

Rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) immediately generalize the uncertain response.

Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) have learned, like humans, to use an uncertain response adaptively under test conditions that create uncertainty, suggesting a metacognitive process by which human and nonhuman primates may monitor their confidence and alter their behavior accordingly. In this study, 4 rhesus monkeys generalized their use of the uncertain response, without additional training, to 2 familiar tasks (2-choice discrimination learning and mirror-image matching to sample) that predictably and demonstrably produce uncertainty. The monkeys were significantly less likely to use the uncertain response on trials in which the answer might be known. These results indicate that monkeys, like humans, know when they do not know and that they can learn to use a symbol as a generalized means for indicating their uncertainty. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Prediction of the appearance of monkeys based on environmental conditions

Recently, agricultural damage caused by monkeys has become a critical problem in Japan. This paper proposes a system that predicts the dates and times at which monkeys approach farmland. In order to make predictions, monkeys were made to wear collars with transmitters, and the trend data of the monkeys' distances were collected by receivers in the system. Two years after this system was installed around a mountain, an average radio communication ability of 97.22% was obtained, and 25 million monkey signals were received. The time of appearance of the monkeys according to those signals as well as the environmental conditions were taken for estimation. Bayesian estimation and support vector machine (SVM) were adopted as linear and nonlinear methods, respectively. The use of Bayesian estimation resulted in little predictive effect. SVM, on the other hand, achieved 31% accuracy by combining two learning pattern methods, outperforming the Bayesian estimation and confirming the effectiveness of environmental conditions in a system of predicting the appearance of monkeys. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Inferences about the location of food in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) in two sensory modalities.

The authors tested the ability of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) to make inferences about hidden food. In Experiment 1, we showed the content of 2 boxes, 1 of which was baited (visual condition, VC) or we shook both boxes producing noise from the baited box (auditory condition, AC). Seven subjects (out of 8) were above chance in the VC, whereas only 1 was above chance in AC. During treatment, by manipulating empty and filled objects subjects experienced the relation between noise and content. When tested again, 7 capuchins were above chance in the VC and 3 in AC. In Experiment 2, we gave visual or auditory information only about the empty box and, consequently, successful choice implied inferential reasoning. All subjects (out of 4) were above chance in the VC, and 2 in the AC. Control tests ruled out the possibility that success resulted from simply avoiding the shaken noiseless box, or from the use of arbitrary auditory information. Similar to apes (Call, 2004), capuchins were capable of inferential reasoning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)