某含铜尾矿粗砂工艺矿物学特征及选矿试验研究

为查找铜损失在尾矿中的原因并制定选矿回收工艺,对某低品位含铜尾矿粗砂进行了工艺矿物学分析和选矿试验研究。结果表明：含铜矿物主要是黄铜矿（CuFeS2）,嵌布粒度微细且呈浸染状分布,未能充分单体解离而损失在尾矿中。经过选矿优化试验确定粗尾砂可采用立式搅拌磨,使微细粒级铜矿物充分单体解离;然后,采用优先浮选工艺回收铜,闭路试验可获得Cu品位18.02%、Cu回收率41.05%的铜精矿。     

Study on bioleaching of primary chalcopyrite ore with thermoacidophilic archae

A high temperature-tolerating thermoacidophilic archae （TA） was isolated from water samples collected from a hot sulfur-containing spring in the Yunnan Province, China, and was used in bioleaching experiments of a low-grade chalcopyrite ore. The TA grow at temperatures ranging from 40 to 80℃, with 65℃ being the optimum temperature, and at pH values of l.5 to 4.0, with an optimum pH value of 2.0. The bioleaching experiments of the chalcvpyrite ore were conducted in both laboratory batch bioreactors and leaching columns. The results obtained from the bioreactor experiments showed that the TA bioleaching rate of copper reached 97% for a 12-day leaching period, while the bioleaching rate was 32.43% for thiobacillus ferrooxidans （Tf） leaching for the same leaching time. In the case of column leaching, tests of a two-phase leaching （196 days）, that is, a two-month （56 days） Tf leaching in the first phase, followed by a 140-day TA leaching in the second phase were performed. The average leaching rate of copper achieved for the 140-day TA leaching was 195mg/（L.d）, while for the control experiments, it was as low as 78mg/（L .d） for the Tf leaching, indicating that the TA possesses a more powerful oxidizing ability to the chalcopyrite than Tf Therefore, it is suggested that the two-phase leaching process be applied to .for the heap leaching operations, whereas, the TA can be used in the second phase when the temperature inside the heap has increased, and the primary copper sulfide minerals have already been partially oxidized with Tf beforehand in the first phase.     

黄铜矿生物浸出钝化及调控研究进展

综述了黄铜矿微生物浸出钝化作用和消除方法的研究现状和发展趋势,认为黄铜矿生物浸出的钝化作用主要有黄钾铁矾、硫及其多聚物、金属缺陷型硫化物和它们协同作用等。要提高黄铜矿生物浸出效果,必须削弱和消除钝化作用,主要的方法有物理法、化学法、生物法和复合法。但4种方法都还不成熟,要工业化应用,还需要大量的研究工作,同时提出从组合矿物对黄铜矿生物浸出钝化的影响开展研究工作,也许能取得突破性进展。     

Isolation of Leptospirillum ferriphilum by single-layered solid medium

According to physiological and biochemical characteristics of Leptospirillum ferriphilum,a strain of object bacteria was isolated successfully.Bacteria were enriched by selective liquid medium and plated on designed single-layered agar solid medium.Colony was cultured and bacteria were collected.The morphologies of the object bacteria were observed using crystal violet staining,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The result of 16S rDNA identification shows that this bacterium belongs to Leptospirillum ferriphilum and it is named as Leptospirillum ferriphilum strain D1.These results indicate that this new single-layered agar solid medium is efficient and simple for isolation of Leptospirillum ferriphilum.Additionally,physiological-biochemical characteristics show that the optimum initial pH value and its growth temperature are 1.68 and 40 ℃,respectively.The culture of it is used to leach a complex concentrate chalcopyrite,the leaching efficiencies of copper and iron are 1.93 % and 13.74 %,respectively,and it is more effective than the A.ferrooxidans culture in the leaching of the complex concentrate chalcopyrite.     

永平低品位黄铜矿矿石细菌浸出的银离子催化效应

为了提高用氧化亚铁硫杆菌和氧化硫硫杆菌混合菌对永平铜矿低品位黄铜矿矿石细菌浸出的效果,通过摇瓶实验,研究了银离子的催化效应。研究表明,在细菌浸出的初始阶段,添加银离子可以大大加快铜的浸出速度和提高铜的浸出率,其中添加初始银离子浓度10 mg/L时,最有利于铜的浸出,在600 h时内铜的浸出率可以从20%增加到65%,比不添加银离子时提高了45%。添加初始银离子使矿石中铁的浸出和溶液中二价铁的细菌氧化明显受到抑制。当有银离子时,低品位黄铜矿矿石在低氧化还原电位下比高氧化还原电位更有利于铜的浸出。     

新型抑制剂DAs分离铜砷

经对高砷铜矿采用石灰、次氯酸钾、高锰酸钾、鞣酸、DAs等不同抑制剂进行降砷试验,结果表明,新型除砷药剂DAs分离铜砷效果最佳,在不影响黄铜矿回收率的前提下,实现了对毒砂的有效抑制.对含砷为6.22%的高砷铜矿浮选试验结果表明,铜精矿砷含量可以降至0.43%,铜回收率为94.46%.     

Ca(ClO)2与腐殖酸钠对黄铜矿和黄铁矿浮选的影响

纯矿物试验和人工混合矿试验表明,Ca（ClO）2与腐殖酸钠都对黄铁矿具有很好的抑制作用,而不抑制黄铜矿,二者组合使用能更加有效抑制黄铁矿.根据杨氏方程结合接触角的测定结果,计算矿物表面润湿能,结果说明腐殖酸钠和Ca（ClO）2组合抑制剂对黄铁矿的良好的抑制性能,是二者协同作用的结果.     

硫化矿物硫化钠诱导浮选的电化学研究

本文研究了黄铜矿，黄铁矿的硫化钠诱导浮选行为。浮选实验，电化学研究表明，黄铜矿表现出较差的硫化钠诱导浮选行为，而黄铁矿则很好。硫化钠诱导浮选机理是由于ＨＳ－离子在矿物表面氧化产生疏水性的元素Ｓ０所致；硫化矿表面静电位的高低决定了ＨＳ－氧化成Ｓ０的可能性，黄铁矿表面静电位Ｅｍｓ高于ＨＳ－氧化成Ｓ０的电极电位，因而黄铁矿表现出良好的硫化钠诱导浮选特性；黄铜矿表面静电位低于这一电极电位，因而硫化钠诱导浮选性较差。     

黄铜矿型CuCrS2电子结构的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究了黄铜矿CuCrS2的电子结构。结果表明:CuCrS2是一种半金属铁磁体,其半金属隙为0.18eV。每个CuCrS2分子的磁矩为3.00μB,Cr原子是分子磁矩的主要贡献者。晶胞体积变化时,各原子磁矩呈现不同的变化趋势,但Cr原子仍为分子磁矩的主要来源,晶胞体积增大5%和10%时,CuCrS2依然能表现出良好的半金属性。     

Impact of the Cd2+ treatment on the electrical properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells

The present contribution aims at determining the impact of modifying the properties of the absorber/buffer layer interface on the electrical performance of Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ (CZTSe) thin‐film solar cells, by using a Cd²⁺ partial electrolyte (Cd PE) treatment of the absorber before the buffer layer deposition. In this work, CZTSe/CdS solar cells with and without Cd PE treatment were compared with their respective Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGSe)/CdS references. The Cd PE treatment was performed in a chemical bath for 7 min at 70 °C using a basic solution of cadmium acetate. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements have revealed the presence of Cd at the absorber surface after the treatment. The solar cells were characterized using current density–voltage (J–V), external quantum efficiency, and drive‐level capacitance profiling measurements. For the CZTSe‐based devices, the fill factor increased from 57.7% to 64.0% when using the Cd PE treatment, leading to the improvement of the efficiency (η) from 8.3% to 9.0% for the best solar cells. Similar observations were made on the CIGSe solar cell reference. This effect comes from a considerable reduction of the series resistance (R_S) of the dark and light J–V, as determined using the one‐diode model. The crossover effect between dark and light J–V curves is also significantly reduced by Cd PE treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.