Sensitive Mother-to-Adolescent Disclosures After Divorce: Is the Experience of Sons Different From That of Daughters?

This study addressed two main questions: (a) Are adolescent sons and daughters exposed to sensitive maternal disclosures after divorce with similar frequency and in similar detail? and (b) Does gender act as a moderator in the association between maternal disclosures and adolescent adjustment difficulties? Forced-choice and open-ended data were collected from 194 adolescents within 2 years after their parents' divorce. Quantitative analyses revealed that although the majority of adolescents experience some level of maternal disclosure, neither frequency nor detail of maternal disclosure differed as a function of adolescent gender. Frequent and detailed maternal disclosures were associated with adolescent adjustment difficulties, primarily psychological distress. Gender did not moderate that significant association. Qualitative analysis shed light on the link between maternal disclosures and adolescent distress, suggested the importance of how disclosures are made, and revealed several gender differences in reactions to maternal disclosures. Implications of the findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

用αβ谱仪测量人工αβ放射性气溶胶体积活度的试验研究

本文介绍了用αβ谱仪系统同时测量αβ谱、实现Ｒｎ／Ｔｈ子体补偿、确定超铀α核素气溶胶体积活度及人工放射性气溶胶总β体积活度的技术途径。利用ＲａＡ、ＲａＣ′ａ峰的二段时间计数可确定空气中ＲａＡ、ＲａＢ、ＲａＣ的气溶胶体积活度，相应的，也能给出ＲａＢ、ＲａＣ对总β计数的贡献。根据一般环境条件下的平衡比，用ＴｈＣ′的。计数修正Ｔｈ子体对αβ测量的影响。￣［２３９］ｐｕ或／和￣［２４１］Ａｍ人工核素的α计数，可通过两段时间分别扣除ＲａＡ、ＲａＣ′拖尾的方法确定；β计数分别扣除Ｒｎ／Ｔｈ子体β贡献即可确定。在本文规定的测量条件下，对室内天然Ｒｎ子体水平在１５Ｂｑ／ｍ￣３以下，超铀α核素气溶胶体积活度的测量下限可达到０．１Ｂｑ／ｍ￣３；即使在７５Ｂｑ／ｍ￣３环境下，人工核素总β的测量下限也可达ｌＢｑ／ｍ￣３以下。     

Maternal influences on daughters' restrained eating behavior.

This study examined whether mothers' preoccupation with their own weight and eating was linked to daughters' restrained eating behavior. Participants included 173 non-Hispanic, White mother-daughter dyads, measured longitudinally when daughters were ages 5, 7, 9, and 11. Mothers who were preoccupied with their own weight and eating reported higher levels of restricting daughters' intake and encouraging daughters to lose weight over time. Mothers' encouragement of daughters' weight loss was linked to daughters' restrained eating behavior; this relationship was partially mediated by daughters' perception of maternal pressure to lose weight. These findings suggest that mothers' preoccupation with weight and eating, via attempts to influence daughters' weight and eating, may place daughters at risk for developing problematic eating behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Asbestos: world concern,involvement and culpability

The general population is exposed to asbestos fibers stemming from a massive number of consumer products and from environmental pollution. Asbestos bodies are present in the lungs of many urban dwellers who do not work with the mineral. Heavy occupational exposure to asbestos is known to cause asbestosis, pleural calcification, pleural plaques, lung cancer, and pleural and peritoneal mesotheliomas. The ingestion of asbestos fibers may increase the risk of gastrointestinal tract cancer. At the present time, little is known about the hazards of chronic low‐level exposure to asbestos. However, the use of asbestos fibers should be curtailed whenever possible, more pathogenicity data should be collected and evaluated, and the health risk to the general public should be reassessed and updated with progressing research.     

测量空气中Rn,Tn子体的α谱法

本文介绍了测量空气中Rn、Tn子体浓度的α谱法,给出相对标准偏差的计算公式及计算机程序框图,讨论了此方法的固有不确定性及其影响因素,给出最佳实验条件。     

Review of Victimized daughters: Incest and the development of the female self.

Reviews the book, Victimized daughters: Incest and the development of the female self by Janet Liebman Jacobs (see record 1994-98214-000) that draws on interview data from 50 women to illustrate the impact of childhood incest on female development. The research design uses questionnaire and in-depth interview data that allows for both quantitative and qualitative analyses (Armsworth, 1993). The sample size of 50 is a reasonable number for such content-rich data, and the representation of members of different socioeconomic, ethnic, sexual orientation, and religious groups increases the generalizability and relevance of the findings. Jacobs does not, however, present empirical findings from the interviews, other than preliminary demographics; rather, she uses quotations from the interviews throughout the book to support different generalizations and hypotheses. She thoughtfully addresses the current controversy about delayed memory recall, emphasizing both its political/historical context and its clinical/scientific ramifications. Like Herman (1981, 1992), Jacobs identifies childhood incest as firmly rooted in patriarchy, and her understanding of the psychological and emotional sequelae of childhood incest is organized around the impact of this patriarchal context on feminine identity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Do African American mothers really “love” their sons and “raise” their daughters?

This study assessed 1500 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth to test the hypothesis that African American mothers differentially socialize their girls and boys. The results showed that later-born boys had fewer chores, argued more with their mothers, lived in less cognitively stimulating homes, and were not allowed to make the same decisions as were the girls or firstborn boys at the same age. The later-born boys were also lowest in achievement and highest in externalizing behaviors. Parenting differences accounted for the achievement differences but not for the externalizing behavior differences. It was concluded that the later-born boys would achieve at the same rates as their siblings if they were socialized in the same manner as their siblings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

密闭型氡室中放射性平衡变化规律的探讨

针对运用动态稳定技术实现氡室氡浓度稳定的密闭型氡室,推导了氡室氡及其短寿子体浓度的变化规律公式;通过详细分析首次补氡和中途补氡过程中密闭型氡室中放射性平衡变化规律,得出密闭型氡室进入放射性平衡期后,氡箱中的氡及其短寿子体长期处在平衡或近平衡状态,工作在平衡期的氡室可以开展仪器标定、调整结合态份额等实验和工作。该研究方法和成果为进一步开展氡室氡子体潜能浓度控制、放射性气溶胶浓度控制、氡子体动力学行为研究提供了方法和理论基础。     

软件延迟符合法分辨氡同位素的仿真研究

本工作以MATLAB软件仿真的方式,探索用软件方法实现延迟符合法分辨氡同位素;并改变延迟时间和开门时间寻找较好的分辨效果。结果显示,该方法可降低测量成本,延迟时间调整方便,并可用于低水平活度氡同位素测量。     

我国铀矿核物探发展与未来

简述了核物探概念、发展历程和未来前景。从方法原理、采集仪器、数据处理、解释和应用领域等方面,介绍了γ能谱、氡及其子体方法技术、X荧光技术、核磁共振技术、中子技术和中微子技术现状与展望。提出了"α+γ"、"α+β+γ"、"核物探+核化探"、"核物探+普通物探"组合找矿模式及综合信息找矿模式,并通过应用实例分析了找矿模式应用效果。