Facteurs associés aux problèmes de comportement intériorisés et extériorisés chez des adolescentes agressées sexuellement.

The present study investigated the associated factors of internalising and externalising behaviour problems among sexually abused adolescents. One hundred fifty-eight female adolescent victims of sexual abuse, aged between 13 and 17 years, were recruited. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires measuring cognitive distortions, coping strategies, empowerment, behaviour problems, perception of their relationship with their mother and father, maternal support, characteristics of the sexual abuse as well as other forms of violence experienced. Results show that interpersonal distrust and general self-attributions of blame are two factors associated with both internalising and externalising behaviour problems. In addition, the mother/daughter relationship is associated with externalising behaviour problems. These results partially support Spaccarelli's model. They also highlight the important role of cognitive distortions, particularly general self-attributions of blame and interpersonal distrust, which may be targeted in treatments that are aimed at reducing behavioural problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Valuing the environment in developing countries: modelling the impact of distrust in public authorities' ability to deliver public services on the citizens' willingness to pay for improved environmental quality

In this paper, we employ the choice experiment method to estimate citizens' valuation of an intervention that proposes to improve the quality of the wastewater deposited in the Ganges River, India. We interviewed 150 randomly selected citizens of Chandernagore, along the banks of the Ganges River, to elicit their willingness to pay (WTP) for this intervention, measured in terms of higher municipality taxes. The findings reveal that almost all of the citizens value wastewater quality, though majority protested the intervention, and stated that they donot trust the authorities for effective management of funds. These protest responses were controlled for with the nested logit model. The results reveal that the citizens are willing to pay significant amounts for improved wastewater quality. Municipalities could rely to some extent on their citizens' WTP higher taxes but municipalities' performance, trustworthiness, accountability, as well as the citizens' perceptions of these, should be improved.     

Maintaining the Safe and Effective Therapeutic Relationship in the Context of Distrust and Anger: Countertransference and Complex Trauma.

Prior research has shown that anger is a prominent feature in the psychopathology of trauma survivors. This hostile reactivity can be difficult for clinicians, who must balance instruction or interpretation designed to teach clients appropriate ways to handle anger and judicious withholding of response to maintain the therapeutic alliance for other purposes. Unlike studies that ask therapists to report their own mistakes, this research centers on advice given by 132 interview participants who had completed long-term trauma therapies. Clients generally reported greater satisfaction with trauma clinicians who were emotionally disclosing after angry episodes and who took partial responsibility for disagreements in therapy. Outcomes and satisfaction tended to be poor if therapists were "blank screens" in the face of anger. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dangerous ideas: Five beliefs that propel groups toward conflict.

The toll in death, suffering, and displacement caused by conflicts engaging groups defined by ethnicity, nationality, religion, or other social identities has reached staggering proportions over the past decade. With expertise in research and intervention, psychologists have critical contributions to make to more fully understanding and more effectively confronting this distressing global phenomenon. The authors focus on the parallels between the core beliefs of individuals and the collective worldviews of groups that may operate to trigger or constrain violent struggles. On the basis of a review of relevant literatures, 5 belief domains--superiority, injustice, vulnerability, distrust, and helplessness--are identified as particularly important for further study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Denying History: Comment.

Comments on an article by Eidelson and Eidelson (see record 2003-03645-004) which made an important contribution, at a critical juncture, to the discussion of international conflicts by identifying core dimensions that allow for the systematic examination of the problem. Their article also posed a danger that mirrors a disturbing trend in the public discourse about conflicts and injustice. In response to the recent escalation of international violence and years of mixed results of engagement in debates centered around grievances of injustice (such as the Palestinian-Israeli conflict), many politicians, pundits, and scholars have advocated addressing conflicts by separating them from the underlying grievances and the ongoing injustice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

对等网络中声望管理模型的研究与设计

在对等网络中,通常使用声望机制来建立实体间的信任关系,以指导用户选择可信的协作实体.本文给出的声望模型同时使用可信和不可信来评估实体的正面和负面行为,并分别可以表示为多个级别,模型也引入了信心指数来表达对声望评估结果的确定程度.并给出了一个基于声望的实体选择方案.分析及仿真表明,该模型能够有效地抑制网络中典型的安全攻击,改善网络服务质量.     

An integrative model of trust on IT outsourcing: Examining a bilateral perspective

Trust has been considered a central aspect of successful IT outsourcing. Although a great deal of interest in trust has been described, there are very few theoretical models in the IT outsourcing literature to explain mutual trust, its role, and its impact in IT outsourcing. This study proposes a trust-based relationship research model to assess the perceived IT outsourcing success in terms of (1) mutual trust with its temporal dimension of initial trust and initial distrust, and (2) knowledge sharing with the moderating effect of mutual dependency. This model was then validated and applied in a study involving organizations in Korea. The data was collected and analyzed to understand initial trust, initial distrust, knowledge sharing, and mutual dependency as contributing factors to success in IT outsourcing. The results show that mutual trust between the service receiver and provider is very important for knowledge sharing and outsourcing success, and is affected by the initial perception to each other’s partner at the beginning of the outsourcing process. Interestingly, this study also shows that initial trust is considered a significant factor in the perception of mutual trust from the service receiver’s perspective, but not from the service provider’s viewpoint. The results help extend our understanding of critical success factors in outsourcing success and of different standpoints between the service receiver and provider.

Research Dependent on Deception Increases the Psychological Pollution of the World.

This commentary confronts the use of deception in psychological experiments. A subject enters a psychological experiment with an attitude of trust. After the experimenter has manipulated the subject by means of deception, he will dehoax him, and this dehoaxing has become a standard part of such experiments. The subject of a deception-based experiment knows from personal experience that at least one psychologist in his professional role as a psychologist uses deception. Such a subject may never enter another psychological experiment with a trusting attitude. For some subjects it might even generalize further to a less trustful attitude toward people in general. Here then is the psychological pollution: the generation by psychologists of mistrust between individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

What if performance accountability mechanisms engender distrust?

An axiomatic assumption in contemporary democratic theory is that accountability mechanisms generate trust and legitimacy in and for democratic systems: in relation to decision-makers (elected officials), facilitators (the public bureaucracy) and outcomes of public policy (scope and quality). However, how wise is it to take this assumption for granted? What if accountability mechanisms applied in democracies with high levels of trust promote distrust rather than trust? This article will elaborate on and analyse the inherent theoretical logic of performance scrutiny as a basis for performance accountability in political-administrative systems inspired by new public management reforms. Performance scrutiny practices derived from Sweden, a high-trust society, are used as empirical illustrations and as a basis to generate hypotheses on how and why practices to analysis performance accountability have the potential to counteract trust.     

Accidental outcomes: Attitudinal consequences of workplace injuries.

A model of the attitudinal outcomes of the occurrence and severity of occupational injuries was developed and tested. The model postulates that workplace accidents result in a perceived lack of influence and a distrust of management, with the former also affecting the distrust of management. Both are hypothesized to predict job dissatisfaction. Exit (turnover intentions) and voice (perceptions of union instrumentality) are hypothesized as outcomes of job dissatisfaction. A sample of 9,908 employees was tested with the 1995 Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey database. Structural equation modeling provided strong support for the model with respect to accident occurrence, and the model was replicated across 8 different occupational groups. There was less support for the model with respect to accident severity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)