PATIENT-SPECIFIC BLOOD DYNAMIC SIMULATIONS IN ASSESSING ENDOVASCULAR OCCLUSION OF INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS

According to recent studies, there are various potential predictors for surgical outcome for cerebral aneurysms. An accurate surgical outcome assessment would help make better-informed decisions and avoid the risk of rebleeding. It is well known that hemodynamic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of intracranial aneurysms. In this article, a computational fluid dynamic analysis is applied to one patient-specific model of the cerebral aneurysm located at the tip of basilar artery, by which the differences of hemodynamic parameters before and after endovascular treatment may be evaluated. Based on the model, we show that the flow behavior near the neck of the aneurysm sees great differences after endovascular treatment as compared with that before treatment, which also affects the wall shear stress and the displacement distribution. In addition, our whole simulation process is based on a series of CFD commercial software packages, which are easily available for doctors to implement such a method in their daily practice. These results would be used to assess the outcome of endovascular treatment for the aneurysm occlusion.     

基于片序列注意力的颅内动脉瘤点云分割

颅内动脉瘤是脑血管的病理性扩张, 一旦破裂致死率极高. 人工检测颅内动脉瘤繁琐耗时, 因此有必要引入自动化检测技术. 为解决现存算法在处理点云数据时空间利用率低, 难以同时捕捉局部细节与整体结构的问题, 设计基于片序列注意力的颅内动脉瘤点云分割算法. 利用空间填充曲线将点云序列化, 改善了传统点云在提取局部结构信息时的效果. 提出更加精细化的片注意力, 利用片分组和片交互, 进一步加强模型对不同空间关系的泛化能力. 同时设计网格池化操作, 解决了传统算法对于信息密度和重叠不可控的问题. 该方法在IntrA数据集上获得了健康血管段IoU为95.37%、动脉瘤段IoU为84.67%的分割精度, 远优于大多数现存算法.     

Intracranial self-stimulation of the dorsal raphe sensitizes psychostimulant locomotion.

The authors hypothesized that repeated rewarding electrical stimulation of the dorsal raphe can produce behavioral sensitization to psychostimulants. Groups of male rats were implanted with a stimulation electrode and preexposed to brain stimulation at parameters set to equate rewarding effectiveness across rats. Control groups were implanted with an electrode but never stimulated, or not implanted at all. Twenty-four hours after the 12th self-stimulation session, all groups were challenged with amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg, ip), nicotine (0.2 mg/kg, sc), or saline, and locomotor activity was measured for 1 hr. Locomotor responses to amphetamine and to nicotine were significantly greater in rats preexposed to brain stimulation. These findings suggest at least partial overlap of underlying substrates. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Prolonged rewarding stimulation of the rat medial forebrain bundle: Neurochemical and behavioral consequences.

Extracellular dopamine levels were measured in the rat nucleus accumbens by means of in vivo microdialysis. Delivery of rewarding medial forebrain bundle stimulation at a low rate (5 trains/min) produced a sustained elevation of dopamine levels, regardless of whether train onset was predictable. When the rate of train delivery was increased to 40 trains/min, dopamine levels rose rapidly during the first 40 min but then declined toward the baseline range. The rewarding impact of the stimulation was reduced following prior delivery of stimulation at the high, but not the low, rate. These results support the idea that dopamine tone plays an enabling role in brain stimulation reward and is elevated similarly by predictable and unpredictable stimulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Conditioned facilitation of brain reward function after repeated cocaine administration.

Cocaine lowers brain reward thresholds, reflecting increased brain reward function. The authors investigated whether, similar to acute cocaine administration, cocaine-predictive conditioned stimuli would lower intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) thresholds. Rats received a saline injection for 5 days, a cocaine injection (10 mg/kg) for 20 consecutive days, then saline for 5 additional days. Thresholds were measured immediately before and 10 min after each injection. The initial 5 saline injections had no effect on thresholds, whereas cocaine significantly lowered thresholds for 20 days. There was no tolerance or sensitization to this effect of cocaine over days. During the last 5 days when cocaine administration was substituted with saline, rats demonstrated a conditioned lowering of thresholds during the 2nd daily ICSS session. These data demonstrate that cocaine-predictive conditioned stimuli induce a conditioned facilitation of brain reward function. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于代价敏感Faster R-CNN的脑CT影像出血诊断方法

脑出血是一种在患者颅内突然发生的重急症,常伴随有强烈的症状和较高致死率,基于脑CT影像对脑出血进行自动化快速诊断具有重要意义。其中,临床上有效应用的实现不仅要求诊断结果的准确性、诊断速度和结果解释能力,尤其要重视出血漏检情形。因此本文提出代价敏感的Faster R-CNN模型,通过自动调节模型中锚的训练样本比例以及在损失函数中引入衡量阳性样本重要性的超参数等方式,更多地关注阳性样本和漏检情形提升检测效果,最后通过定位的具体目标区域来诊断脑内出血情况。经多次实验选择性能最优的网络结构和合适的超参数,利用多项指标度量最终模型的检测和诊断效果。实验结果表明,代价敏感的Faster R-CNN方法能够从减少漏检的角度上更好地识别出血区域,进而提高不平衡代价下的脑出血诊断效果。     

基于自适应采样与Dense机制的颅内动脉瘤血管多结构分割

颅内动脉瘤是一种具有较高致死和致残率的常见脑血管疾病。近年来,临床对基于影像的智能化和精准化的疾病诊断策略提出了迫切需求,其中血管及病灶的精准分割是其重要基础。本文提出了一种新型的颅内动脉瘤血管多结构分割框架,利用血管先验灰度特征建立了自适应的数据采样方法,并设计了一种基于Dense机制的深度网络模型实现血管分割。本文收集了135例颅内动脉瘤患者（年龄分布：54.7±12.7岁, 75名男性）的飞行时间磁共振血管影像进行模型的训练和测试。相比于原空间采样和图像压缩方法（平均Dice相似性系数：0.829和0.780）,自适应采样方法可以明显提升血管分割的精度（平均Dice相似性系数：0.858）;与经典的3D UNet、SegNet和DeepLabV3+网络相比（平均Dice相似性系数：0.854,0.824和0.800）,基于Dense机制的网络能够利用更少的计算资源实现更优的分割效果,对于不同位置和大小的动脉瘤也表现出良好的分割鲁棒性。     

重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出25例临床分析

重型颅脑伤开颅术中出现的急性脑膨出是临床常见的棘手问题,是导致急性期患者死亡的重要原因。术中发生急性脑膨出常见原因是迟发性颅内血肿和弥漫性脑肿胀,术中不应消极地将膨出脑组织大块切除,应及时分析原因,积极采取有效治疗措施,增加抢救成功率。