一起抢劫杀人放火火灾的调查认定

介绍了一起抢劫杀人放火案件的火灾性质判定以及点火源、起火部位的认定过程。通过现场勘验、调查询问、物证鉴定及技术侦察等手段,认定火灾成因。结合火灾调查实践,阐述了涉及刑事案件的火灾调查的几点体会。     

The Kitty Genovese murder and the social psychology of helping: The parable of the 38 witnesses.

This article argues that an iconic event in the history of helping research--the story of the 38 witnesses who remained inactive during the murder of Kitty Genovese--is not supported by the available evidence. Using archive material, the authors show that there is no evidence for the presence of 38 witnesses, or that witnesses observed the murder, or that witnesses remained inactive. Drawing a distinction between the robust bystander research tradition and the story of the 38 witnesses, the authors explore the consequences of the story for the discipline of psychology. They argue that the story itself plays a key role in psychology textbooks. They also suggest that the story marks a new way of conceptualizing the dangers of immersion in social groups. Finally, they suggest that the story itself has become a modern parable, the telling of which has served to limit the scope of inquiry into emergency helping. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Guided Jury Discretion in Capital Murder Cases: The Role of Declarative and Procedural Knowledge.

This article analyzes whether state-approved jury instructions adequately guide jury discretion in the penalty phase of first-degree murder trials. It examines Eighth Amendment jurisprudence regarding guided jury discretion, emphasizing the use of "empirical factors" to examine the quality of state-approved instructions. Psychological research and testimony on the topic of the comprehensibility of jury logical instructions are reviewed. Data from a recently completed simulation with 80 deliberating juries showed that current instructions do not adequately convey the concepts and processes essential to guiding penalty phase judgments. An additional simulation with 20 deliberating juries demonstrated that deliberation alone does not correct for jurors' errors in comprehension. The article concludes with recommendations for policy and future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Frustration, aggression, and murder.

"… 51 male murderers and their 51 nearest-age brothers were investigated with respect to frustration in infancy, childhood, and adolescence… . The central hypothesis was: There is a significant positive relationship between the amount of frustration experienced by persons in infancy, childhood, and adolescence… and whether or not they later commit murder… . [The results showed that] significantly more murderers than control brothers scored high on the Indices of Physical, Psychological, and General Frustration." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

韩复榘被杀原因初探

为了探讨民国军阀韩复榘被蒋介石所杀的背后原因,通过文献分析法,对相关的历史资料进行分析鉴别,初步得出如下结论:韩复榘被杀的原因是多方面的,必然性与偶然性并存。既有他刚愎自用、在山东建自己的"独立王国",造成与蒋介石的中央政府矛盾尖锐的原因,也有他暗中勾结日本、挟日本自重的因素。他在抗战的关键时刻不听指挥使蒋介石对他失去了耐心。但造成他最终被杀的主要原因还是和刘湘等地方军阀密谋反蒋介石。他的被杀是蒋介石实施"攘外必先安内"政策的必然结果。     

踏勘队员被杀的背后——再读《马嘶岭血案》

马嘶岭是一个偏僻的穷山区。这里山高坡陡，森林密布，河水咆哮，野兽出没，夜晚怪光闪现，奇声阵阵，充满了诡谲与神秘。但金矿的发现，为人们摆脱贫困带来了曙光。而6名踏勘队员却在马嘶岭上被雇佣的挑夫九财叔用开山大斧所砍杀。这令人震颤的血案背后，让人看到了物质和精神压力给人造成的巨大裂变。     

Disentangling the psychology and law of instrumental and reactive subtypes of aggression.

Behavioral scientists have distinguished an instrumental (or proactive) style of aggression from a style that is reactive (or hostile). Whereas instrumental aggression is cold-blooded, deliberate, and goal driven, reactive aggression is characterized by hot blood, impulsivity, and uncontrollable rage. Scholars have pointed to the distinction between murder (committed with malice aforethought) and manslaughter (enacted in the heat of passion in response to provocation) in criminal law as a reflection of the instrumental-reactive aggression dichotomy. Recently, B. J. Bushman and C. A. Anderson (2001) argued that the instrumental-reactive aggression distinction has outlived its usefulness in psychology and pointed to inconsistencies and confusion in criminal law applications as support for their position. But how similar is the legal distinction between murder and manslaughter to the instrumental-reactive aggression dichotomy in psychology? This article compares and contrasts the psychological and legal models and demonstrates that the purposes for distinguishing between instrumental and reactive aggression in psychology and law are undeniably different in meaningful ways. As such, a perceived shift in law away from differentiating murder and manslaughter has no bearing on the usefulness of the instrumental-reactive aggression distinction in psychological science. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the Reasons of Han Fuqu＇s Death

为了探讨民国军阀韩复榘被蒋介石所杀的背后原因，通过文献分析法，对相关的历史资料进行分析鉴别，初步得出如下结论：韩复榘被杀的原因是多方面的，必然性与偶然性并存。既有他刚愎自用、在山东建自己的“独立王国”，造成与蒋介石的中央政府矛盾尖锐的原因，也有他暗中勾结日本、挟日本自重的因素。他在抗战的关键时刻不听指挥使蒋介石对他失去了耐心。但造成他最终被杀的主要原因还是和刘湘等地方军阀密谋反蒋介石。他的被杀是蒋介石实施“攘外必先安内”政策的必然结果。     

Defining Distinction,or Four Good Reasons for Success: The Extraordinary Career of Renzo Piano

For 30 years, Renzo Piano has been producing distinguished buildings and delighting the world with his innovation and sensitivity. Here, Livio Sacchi attempts to tease out some of the reasons behind Piano's sustained success. Having gained an almost unparalleled international profile during the last couple of decades, a period that has been notoriously difficult for Italian architects, Piano's career has an almost mythic quality. It boasts one of the most unlikely competition wins of all time that ceded one of the most prestigious sites in the world, the Centre Pompidou in Paris, to two completely unknown architects in their late 20s. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stuck in the Dark Ages: Supreme Court Decision Making and Legal Developments.

In the latter quarter of the 20th century, the United States Supreme Court has generally refused to narrow the procedural and substantive conditions under which adults may be sentenced to death for capital murder. The current status of social science evidence is briefly reviewed to evaluate the Court's treatment of 3 specific categories of evidence: the death-qualified jury, prejudicial capital sentencing, and juror comprehension of capital-sentencing instructions. The role of perceptions of public opinion in the perseverance of capital punishment statutes is considered. It appears that the Court, in general, does not place much weight on social science evidence. Suggestions are made for future areas of research and practice for social scientists interested in capital punishment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)