He-Ne激光照射巨噬细胞对胞内钙浓度及其免疫活性的影响

用He-Ne激光辐照巨噬细胞，实时观测活体单细胞内钙浓度([Ca^2 ]i)分布和细胞免疫活性随激光功率和照射时间的变化。实验结果表明，随激光照射时间的增加，[Ca^2 ]i出现上升达到最大值后又下降，逐渐回复初始状态，且呈现中心最强，径向衰减的环形梯度分布。不同激光剂量对巨噬细胞内[Ca^2 ]i及其免疫活性有着不同的影响，同一波长激光，当剂量不同时，可以表现为完全相反的效应。同时激光功率也是影响巨噬细胞内[Ca^2 ]i及其免疫活性的一个重要因素，同一波长、同一剂量情况下，如果激光功率不同，巨噬细胞内[Ca^2 ]i及其免疫活性的变化也有着显著的差异。当照射功率为0．16mw时，胞内[Ca^2 ]i峰值是照射功率为0．40mw时的近6倍。最大值时对应细胞免疫活性最高。对其机理作了初步探讨。     

Clinical psychologists' theory-based representations of mental disorders predict their diagnostic reasoning and memory.

The theory-based model of categorization posits that concepts are represented as theories, not feature lists. Thus, it is interesting that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV, American Psychiatric Association, 1994) established atheoretical guidelines for mental disorder diagnosis. Five experiments investigated how clinicians handled an atheoretical nosology. Clinicians' causal theories of disorders and their responses on diagnostic and memory tasks were measured. Participants were more likely to diagnose a hypothetical patient with a disorder if that patient had causally central rather than causally peripheral symptoms according to their theory of the disorder. Their memory for causally central symptoms was also biased. Clinicians are cognitively driven to use theories despite decades of practice with the atheoretical DSM. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

激光联用环磷酰胺对荷瘤鼠外周血IgG影响的实验研究

以小鼠S180腹水瘤为动物实验模型．对氦氖激光照射与化疗药物环磷酰胺(CYT)联合应用对S180荷瘤鼠外周血IgG含量影响作了系统性研究。应用11．00，14．67和22．00J／cm^2三种剂量氦氖激光照射荷瘤鼠内眼角，同时联合应用化疗药物环磷酰胺,动态监测S180荷瘤鼠外周血IgG含量的变化。结果表明,CYT联合应用氦氖激光照射组IgG含量均高于单纯应用CYT组。     

Commentary on “Personality traits and the classification of mental disorders: Toward a more complete integration in DSM-5 and an empirical model of psychopathology”.

Comments on the original article Personality traits and the classification of mental Disorders: Toward a more complete integration in DSM–5 and an empirical model of psychopathology by Robert F. Krueger and Nicholas R. Eaton (see record 2010-13810-003). This article develops the larger theme that the fundamental quantitatively developed architecture of personality provides a sound base for classifying all areas of psychopathology and, more specifically, should underlie the current effort to revise the classification of personality disorders (PDs) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). My commentary is organized around what I perceive to be four significant problems with the proposed change to a trait-based system: (1) unfamiliarity to clinicians (and possibly unfeasibility), (2) lack of clinical utility, (3) the preliminary quality of the science upon which the proposed change is based, and (4) harmful effects on the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Quantitative methods in psychiatric classification: The path forward is clear but complex: Commentary on Krueger and Eaton (2010).

Comments on the original article Personality traits and the classification of mental Disorders: Toward a more complete integration in DSM–5 and an empirical model of psychopathology by Robert F. Krueger and Nicholas R. Eaton (see record 2010-13810-003). Krueger and Eaton (pp. 97–118, this issue) have provided a trenchant argument for greater use of dimensional approaches in the classification of personality disorders (PDs) in future iterations of the psychiatric nomenclature, and their explication of the importance of personality constructs in models of psychopathology more generally is commendably lucid. We agree that the division of PDs in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM–IV) into 10 categorical diagnoses with arbitrary thresholds does not match existing data and requires significant retooling, and we view the inclusion of dimensional traits as an important component of the provisional Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) proposal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Commentary on Krueger and Eaton's “Personality traits and the classification of mental disorders: Toward a more complete integration in DSM-5 and an empirical model of psychopathology”: Real-world considerations in implementing an empirically based dimensional model of personality in DSM-5.

Comments on the original article Personality traits and the classification of mental Disorders: Toward a more complete integration in DSM–5 and an empirical model of psychopathology by Robert F. Krueger and Nicholas R. Eaton (see record 2010-13810-003). In their article, Krueger and Eaton (pp. 97–118, this issue) advocate for a “more complete and extensive integration of personality traits in future DSMs [Diagnostic and Statistical Manuals of Mental Disorders], via the explicit inclusion of an empirically based, dimensional personality trait model” (p. 97) and review the “diverse ways in which the inclusion of an empirically based personality trait model could constitute a critical innovation in the transition from DSM–IV to DSM-5” (p. 113). Krueger and Eaton’s proposal that (DSM-5) adopt a dimensional personality trait approach exemplifies the difficulties of devising a classification scheme that satisfies the needs of the both the clinical and research communities. In this instance, the challenge is adapting a complex dimensional trait scheme developed and utilized almost exclusively by the research community, for clinical use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Bridging the gap with the five-factor model.

Comments on the original article Personality traits and the classification of mental Disorders: Toward a more complete integration in DSM–5 and an empirical model of psychopathology by Robert F. Krueger and Nicholas R. Eaton (see record 2010-13810-003). Some researchers had hoped the forthcoming Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) would ask psychiatrists (and the clinical psychologists and researchers who are also tied to the DSM) to leap the gap and embrace a trait-based taxonomy of personality pathology (Widiger & Trull, 2007). Krueger and Eaton (pp. 97–118, this issue) take a more pragmatic stance: They hope to coax psychiatrists across by introducing personality dimensions as an adjunct to familiar PD types; they envision that DSM-5 might serve “as a bridge” (p. 110, this issue) to a fully dimensional Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Sixth Edition (DSM-6). We acknowledge the wisdom of this strategy and suggest ways to strengthen it. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

氦氖激光对鼠体液免疫因子IL-2影响的实验研究

为探讨氦氖激光照射对小鼠脾淋巴细胞IL—2诱生活性的影响，以BALB／c小鼠为研究对象，应用7．33，11．00，14．67，22．00和36．67J／cm^25种剂量的氦氖激光作小鼠内眼角照射，连续照射8天，并于照射开始后第3，6，9，13和17天动态监测实验鼠脾淋巴细胞IL—2诱生活性。结果表明，以日剂量为7．33，11．00，14．67和22．00J／cm^2氦氖激光照射小鼠后，IL—2活性出现不同程度的增强或升高，而36．67J／cm^2剂量组却呈现降低趋势。由此可见，适当剂量的低能量激光照射可对小鼠IL-2诱生活性产生增强效应，而过大剂量氦氖激光照射则对IL—2诱生活性产生抑制效应。     

Age of onset, symptom threshold, and expansion of the nosology of conduct disorder for girls.

The study of conduct disorder (CD) in girls is characterized by several nosologic controversies that center on the most common age of onset, the most valid symptom threshold, and the possible inclusion of other manifestations of antisocial behavior and dimensions of personality as part of the definition of CD. Data from a prospective, longitudinal study of a community sample of 2,451 racially diverse girls were used to empirically inform these issues. Results revealed that adolescent-onset CD is rare in girls. There was mixed support for the threshold at which symptoms are associated with impairment: Parent-reported impairment provided the clearest evidence of maintaining the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) threshold of 3 symptoms. The impact of callousness and relational aggression on impairment varied by informant, with small effects for parent- and youth-reported impairment and larger effects for teacher-rated impairment relative to the effects for CD. These results support arguments for revising the typical age of onset of CD for girls but for maintaining the current symptom threshold. The results also suggest the need to consider subtyping according to the presence or absence of callousness. Given its content validity, relational aggression requires further study in the context of oppositional defiant disorder and CD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)