Companies

Net earnings after pre-tax profits. Profiles include: Anadarko Petroleum, Chevron Texaco, Conoco Phillips, Exxon Mobil, Occidental, Schlumberger, YPF SA, EnCana Corporation, Imperial Oil, Petroleo Brasileiro, Total SA, E.ON, ENI, Repsol, Ecopetrol SA, Norsk Hydro, Statoil, Devon Energy Corporation. BP, Shell, BHP Billiton, CNOOC, Sinopec and PetroChina. Updated on a monthly basis.     

铁路冷藏运输运价分析

本文对各种运输方式易腐货物的运价进行了比较分析,对铁路冷藏运输的现行运价和保本运价进行了讨论,提出了铁路冷藏运输运价改革的若干建议,可供铁路进行冷藏运输改革参考。     

Benchmarking of electricity networks: Practical problems with its use for regulation

Benchmarking is a technique derived for management purposes, intended to identify outliers in any population as possible problems for resolution. Several regulatory agencies have tried to use benchmarking to define the degree of inefficiency of regulated companies, by reference to some target or frontier. This paper identifies the main problem inherent in trying to adapt a management technique to a regulatory purpose – namely that it requires the exercise of subjective judgements. The resulting lack of predictability and objectivity is not conducive to the provision of efficient regulatory incentives.This paper explains where subjective judgement enters into regulatory applications of benchmarking, which is not always apparent. The choice of model and selection of data sets are two obvious areas, but the main problem arises over the assumption that any costs not explained by the model must be due to inefficiency. Such assumptions are simply unsupported by evidence and lead to cost targets (or cost reduction targets defined over several years) that are little better than subjective guesses. There are other, superior ways to set cost reduction targets, based on long-term trends in total factor productivity for the regulated sector, which are used in the US and in other countries. However, some regulators feel obliged to use benchmarking and the paper concludes with recommendations as to how benchmarking should support further and more objective investigations into the costs of regulated utilities.     

Pricing strategies with reference effects in competitive industries

This paper examines the effect of reference prices on companies operating within competitive industries. We confirm that even with competition, firms optimally price high in the short term to generate a high reference price and then decrease this price over time. Competitors' prices converge toward each other over time, emphasizing the short‐term nature of reference prices. We then show that pricing optimally to take advantage of reference prices generates a positive externality for other firms in an industry, such that competitors may generate higher profit. The longer the focus of a given firm, the more profit the firm generates, but less relative to its competitors. This arises because the externalities created through pricing high to increase reference prices outweigh the benefits of the higher reference prices themselves. If pricing managers are compensated relative to their competition, this suggests that short‐termism may be implicitly encouraged to the detriment of profit.     

利率政策对西安房价影响的有效性分析

由于经济发展水平不同,居民购买力水平不同,货币政策调控对不同地区房价的有效性也存在差异,需要根据不同地区的特点进行分析.以西安市房价变化为例,选取2003~2007年的数据,分析利率政策调控对西安房价影响的有效性并进行了实证检验,发现利率政策实施对西安市房地产价格的影响非常有限,2003~2007年的利率政策调控并没有达到预期效果,只是使市场发生了轻微变动.为此,提出了提高利率、提升地方政府公共服务能力等相关的政策建议.     

电力市场中基于混沌理论的电价预测研究

随着电力市场化的不断深入,边际电价预测的重要性将愈来愈凸显,己成为广大发电企业普遍关注的焦点.如何开展边际电价预测以及如何提高边际电价预测的准确性成为迫切需要解决的问题.结合混沌理论,演绎出新的电价预测方法.     

国际油价下行:基于经济学模型的诠释

自2014年6月中旬以来,国际油价开始步入下行通道,油价一路暴跌,引发了国际媒体的极大关注。运用经济学理论及经济模型,诠释国际油价下跌的原因及趋势。     

Prices

Assessed or estimated prices and values for the major types of crude oils traded on spot markets. Updated on a monthly basis. Official sales prices (except as otherwise noted) and are generally market-related, subject in some cases to retroactive adjustment. Updated on a monthly basis.     

东北区域电力市场发电报价网损修正算法研究

发电报价网损修正问题作为区域发电侧电力市场面临的主要问题之一，已受到各市场成员和许多学的普遍关注。作从公平性和经济性的角度明确了发电报价网损修正研究的必要性。指出发电报价网损修正问题的实质是输电损耗分摊问题。结合东北区域电力市场运营规则以及实用化算法的基本要求，对采用潮流摄动法和潮流追踪法的两种发电报价网损修正算法从网损修正系数、发电报价修正力度、网损优化方向及网损费用收支平衡四个角度进行了比较研究，指出了潮流摄动法存在的问题，明确了用潮流追踪法进行东北区域电力市场全电量竞价的发电报价网损修正是适宜的。以东北区域电力市场为例，经计算分析验证了本所提观点。     

简论产品定价法

随着社会主义的不断完善，在企业的经营决策中，产品的价格确定是一个十分重要的内容．售价决策正确与否，直接关系到企业经济效益的好坏．本文对产品定价的方法作一探讨，试图找到一种对企业来说比较实用的方法．