The day of the week when you were born in 700 ms: Calendar computation in an autistic savant.

Some individuals are able to determine the weekday of a given date in a few seconds (finding for instance that June 12, 1900, was a Tuesday). This ability has fascinated scientists for many years because it is predominantly observed in people with limited intelligence and may appear very early in life. Exceptional visual memory, exceptional concentration abilities, or privileged access to lower levels of information not normally available through introspection have been advanced to explain such phenomena. In the present article, the authors show that a simple cognitive model can explain all aspects of the performance of Donny, a young autistic savant who is possibly the fastest and most accurate calendar prodigy ever described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Awards for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest: 1986.

The awards for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest recognize persons who, in the opinion of the Committee on Public Interest Awards, have advanced psychology as a science and/or profession by a single extraordinary achievement or a lifetime of outstanding contributions in the public interest. These contributions might include the identification or solution of significant social problems; unusual initiative or dedication to activity in the public interest; or the integration of the science and/or profession of psychology with social action in a manner beneficial to all. The Committee is authorized to present two awards per year, each with a prize of $2,000. The second award, for which recipients may not have held a Ph.D. for more than 15 years, was established to recognize the large number of excellent psychologists who have made significant contributions to the public interest during the early stages of their careers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

British female academics and comparative psychology: Attempts to establish a research niche in the early 20th century.

Why was there a preponderance of women engaged in laboratory-based studies of animal behavior in Britain in the early years of the 20th century? As a new experimental subject with recently neglected potential, animal psychology then represented an opportunity for women to make further inroads into academic science. Because the study of psychology before World War I offered negligible professional opportunities for the application of the subject, the intake of students was restricted. Perhaps this encouraged academic access to it by aspiring female scientists who felt that career prospects, uncertain and socially unexpected of them in any case, were worth chancing for greater long-term rewards. The academic circumstances and contributions of 3 British female pioneers in experimental comparative psychology are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effectiveness of spatial representation in the formation of network communities: experimental study on community organizer

In this paper, we present and discuss Community Organizer, a system designed to support network communities. The main characteristic of Community Organizer is the use of spatial representations for the relationships among community members including the communications exchanged among these members. These spatial representations reflect the degree of closeness of interests and concerns among the members, and are intended to provide users with clues on how to form network communities. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed spatial representations, we conducted experiments with two different versions of the software. One version offered meaningful spatial representations while the other version did not. The subjects who used the former software version felt a greater sense of ‘community’, enjoyed using the software more, and actively used it longer than the subjects using the latter software version (control condition). These results indicated that the proposed spatial representations are effective in supporting network community formation.     

Judgment: The Foundation of Professional Success.

Lists of core competencies or critical capabilities are popular and plentiful. This article makes the case that a single core competency or critical capability accounts for professional success: the exercise of judgment. Judgment is the critical determinant of the quality of professional decisions, actions, and evaluations. Practical models of judgment are presented. The elements and dynamics of judgment are detailed. Individual, group, and organization implications are explored. Coaching and consulting interventions are explained. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"On the question of professional standards for computer-based test interpretation": Response to Kramer on Matarazzo.

Responds to the comments by J. J. Kramer (see record 1990-58925-001) on the current author's original article (see record 1986-19878-001), in which Matarazzo contends that computerized clinical psychological test interpretations offer considerable potential for improving the work of health service providers. However, cost additions associated with this technology have increased the probabilities that legislative, judicial, and administrative restrictions and sanctions will be imposed. Here, Matarazzo notes that he finds nothing in Kramer's comments that is inconsistent with the opinions that Matarazzo himself offered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

莱钢职业安全健康动态监控信息系统的建立及运行分析

以网络技术和信息技术为依托，建立职业安全健康动态监控信息系统，进行职业安全健康管理的监控和预警，提高安全管理的现代化水平。     

Interstate forensic psychology consultations: A call for reform and proposal of a model rule.

Forensic psychology has made important gains in professional recognition and stature in the courts, resulting in increasing demands for mobility of expertise. Current regulations regarding the interjurisdictional temporary forensic practice of psychology, however, are characterized by variability of regulations, ambiguity and inaccessibility, and continuing total barriers. A uniform, well-reasoned policy is needed. A conceptual basis for such a policy is provided by a discussion of licensing rationales and the application of these to forensic practice. Uniformity, public and professional protection, and practicability are identified as fundamental regulatory criteria. A Model Rule Regarding the Temporary Forensic Practice of Psychology is proposed for adoption by state licensing boards on a nationwide basis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)